Families of monotone Lagrangians in Brieskorn-Pham hypersurfaces (Q2049944)

The article under review is concerned with the construction of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds. Depending on the extent to which one can distinguish the resulting Lagrangian submanifolds, either up to Hamiltonian isotopy or up to (compactly supported) symplectomorphisms (which is stronger), the main results in this article can be classified into the following two families. For the first family, infinitely many monotone Lagrangians can be constructed in the following two cases. \begin{itemize} \item[(1.a)] In the affine hypersurface \(X_r: = \{x^2 + y^4 + z^r =1\} \subset \mathbb C^3\) where \(r\) is sufficiently large, with any prescribed Maslov class and monotonicity constant, there exist an infinite family of homologous monotone Lagrangian topologically as a connected sum of tori and Klein bottles. \item[(1.b)] In the affine hypersurface \(Y_{r,s}: = \{x^2 + y^4 + z^r + w^s =1\} \subset \mathbb C^4\) where \(r, s\) are sufficiently large, with any prescribed Maslov class and monotonicity constant, there exist an infinite family of homologous monotone Lagrangian topologically as a connected sum of tori and Klein bottles stabilized by \(S^1\). \end{itemize} Lagrangians in these constructions can be distinguished up to Hamiltonian isotopy. More explicitly, they are distinguished by computations of the Lagrangian Floer homology group with a fixed Lagrangian sphere. For the second family, \begin{itemize} \item[(2.a)] In \(\mathbb C^3\), with any prescribed genus \(g \geq 2\) and monotonicity constant, there exist infinitely many monotone Lagrangians topologically as \(S^1 \times \Sigma_g\). \item[(2.b)] In the affine hypersurface \(X_r: = \{x^2 + y^4 + z^r =1\} \subset \mathbb C^3\) where \(r\) sufficiently large, with any prescribed Maslov class and monotonicity constant, there exist an infinite family of homologous monotone Lagrangian tori. \item[(2.c)] In the affine hypersurface \(Y_{r,s}: = \{x^2 + y^4 + z^r + w^s =1\} \subset \mathbb C^4\) where \(r, s\) sufficiently large, with any prescribed even Maslov class, monotonicity constant and genus \(g\), there exist an infinite family of homologous monotone Lagrangian topologically as \(S^1 \times \Sigma_g\). \end{itemize} Lagrangians in these constructions can be distinguished up to symplectomorphism. More explicitly, for (2.b) and (2.c), they are distinguished by counting holomorphic annuli, the second simpliest Gromov-Witten type invariant, next to the widely-used holomorphic discs. For (2.a), Lagrangians are in fact distinguished up to any equivalence that preserves Maslov classes (so, in particular, by symplectomorphisms). This is based on a classical geometric group theory result, due to \textit{F. Waldhausen} in [Invent. Math. 3, 308--333 (1967; Zbl 0168.44503); ibid. 4, 87--117 (1967); Topology 6, 505--517 (1967; Zbl 0172.48704)]; Ann. Math. (2) 87, 56--88 (1968; Zbl 0157.30603)]. The construction of Lagrangians above, roughly speaking, is obtained via the Lefschetz fibration, in general, of the form \(\pi: Y \to \mathbb C\) where \(Y = \{z_0^{a_0} + \cdots + z_{m-1}^{a_{m-1}} + z_m^{a_m} = 1\}\) with fiber \(X = \{z_0^{a_0} + \cdots + z_{m-1}^{a_{m-1}}=1\}\), plus Dehn twists in vanishing cycles in \(X\), that results in an embedded Lagrangian in the form of \(S^1 \times L\) in \(Y\). Moreover, this construction can be generalized to higher dimensions by an iterative process.