The classifying Lie algebroid of a geometric structure. II: \(G\)-structures with connection (Q2054952)

This work is the second of two papers dedicated to a systematic study of symmetries, invariants and moduli spaces of geometric structures of finite type, and contains part of the reults obtained by the second author in his Ph.D. thesis [The classifiying Lie algebroid of a geometric structure. University of Campinas (PhD Thesis) (2009)]. The first paper [\textit{R. Loja Fernandes} and \textit{I. Struchiner}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 366, No. 5, 2419--2462 (2014; Zbl 1285.53018)] was dedicated to the case of \(\{e\}\)-structures and a special case of Cartan's realization problem. The central object introduced was the classifying Lie algebroid of a fully regular coframe. The classifying Lie algebroid contains all the relevant information for the equivalence problem for \(\{e\}\)-structures. In the work under review the authors do similar analysis for general \(G\)-structures and the general case of Cartan's realization problem. The appropiate language to deal with such problem is the theory of \(G\)-structure groupoids and \(G\)-structure algebroids developed by the authors in [``The global solutions to Cartan's realization problem'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1907.13614}]. Given a \(G\)-structure on a manifold \(M\), denoted by \(F_{G}(M)\), equipped with a connection \(\omega \in \Omega ^{1}(F_{G}(M),\mathfrak{g})\), where \( F_{G}(M)\) is the Lie algebra of \(G\), let \(\Omega ^{\bullet }(F_{G}(M), \mathfrak{g})\) be the space of invariants forms consisting of all differential forms which are preserved under local equivalences of \(\left( F_{G}(M),\omega \right) \). The \(G\)-structure with connection \(\left( F_{G}(M),\omega \right) \) is said to be fully regular when the space \[ \left\{ d_{p}I:I\in \Omega ^{0}(F_{G}(M),\omega )\right\} \subset T_{p}^{\ast }F_{G}(M)\text{, }p\in F_{G}(M) \] has constant dimension. To fully regular \(G\)-structure with connection \(\left( F_{G}(M),\omega \right) \), there is naturally associated a vector bundle \(A\rightarrow X\) such that \[ \Omega ^{\bullet }(F_{G}(M),\mathfrak{g})\simeq \Gamma (\wedge ^{\bullet }A^{\ast }). \] It follows that \(A\) has a Lie algebroid structure, called the classifying Lie algebroid of \(\left( F_{G}(M),\omega \right) \). In this work the authors make precise the link between \(G\)-structure algebroids with connection and the classifying Lie algebroid of a single \(G\)-structure. In the last section, they show how \(G\)-realizations of a \(G\)-structure algebroid with connection are related to \(G\)-integration and how they can be used to codify the solutions of the associated realization method of Cartan.