Cesàro matrix and \((1, 1; r)\)-convex sequences (Q2056234)

A sequence \(\{x_n\}\) is said to be \((p,q;r)\)-convex if \(L_{p,q;r}(x_n) \geq 0\) for \(n \geq 2r\) where \[L_{p,q;r}(x_n)=x_n -(p^r+q^r)x_{n-r}+p^{r} q^{r}x_{n-2r}.\] With the use of this definition, necessary and sufficient conditions have been examined for a nonnegative matrix to preserve the \((1,1;2)\)-convexity of sequences. In the present paper, the authors study the \((1,1;r)\)-convexity for different values of \(r \in \mathbb{N}\). Denoting the set of \((1,1;r)\)-convex sequences by \(S_{1,1;r}\), it is shown that \(S_{1,1;1} \subset S_{1,1;r}\) holds for each value of \(r\geq 2\). The main result of the paper expresses that the Cesàro matrix does not preserve the \((1,1;r)\)-convexity of sequences for any integer \(r=3,4, \dots\).