Maximum deconstructibility in module categories (Q2065626)

For a class of \(\mathcal{F}\) of modules, \textit{homological algebra relative to} \(\mathcal{F}\) attempts to employ similar methods to classical homological algebra with \(\mathcal{F}\) playing the same role that the class \(\mathcal{P}_{0}\) of projective modules does in the classical setting. It turned out that, in order for them to work well (e.g. for the relative \(\mathrm{Ext}\) independent of the \(\mathcal{F}\)-resolutions), \(\mathcal{F}\) should be a \textit{precovering class}, aka \textit{right-approximating} class. Around the turn of the millennium [\textit{P. C. Eklof} and \textit{J. Trlifaj}, Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 33, No. 1, 41--51 (2001; Zbl 1030.16004); \textit{L. Bican} et al., Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 33, No. 4, 385--390 (2001; Zbl 1029.16002)], the notion of a deconstructible class grew out of the solution of the \textit{Flat Cover Conjecture} [\textit{E. E. Enochs}, Isr. J. Math. 39, 189--209 (1981; Zbl 0464.16019); \textit{H. Bass}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 95, 466--488 (1960; Zbl 0094.02201)]. Deconstructible classes are always precovering [\textit{R. Göbel} and \textit{J. Trlifaj}, Approximations and endomorphism algebras of modules. Volume 1: Approximations. Volume 2: Predictions. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter (2012; Zbl 1292.16001), Theorem 7.21], to show that a class is deconstructible having become one of the main tools in demonstration that the class is precovering. The principal objective in this paper is to establish a new top-down characterization of deconstructibility with two main applications below which are relative consistency results. \begin{itemize} \item[(I)] Vopĕnka's Principle (VP) [\textit{R. M. Solovay} et al., Ann. Math. Logic 13, 73--116 (1978; Zbl 0376.02055); \textit{A. Kanamori}, Stud. Logic Found. Math. 96, 145--153 (1978; Zbl 0453.03055)] implies that for any class \(\mathfrak{X}\) of modules, the class \(\mathfrak{X}-\mathcal{GP}\) of \(\mathfrak{X}\)-Gorenstein projective modules is deconstructible. \item[(II)] VP implies that every class of modules, or of complexes of modules, that could conceivably be deconstructible, is in fact deconstructible. \end{itemize}