On the Lorenz '96 model and some generalizations (Q2069734)

In this paper, the authors generalize the Lorenz '96 (L96) system in two ways and provide some widely applicable tools for studying the bifurcations of equilibria and limit cycles of such systems. Using a general approach to calculating the coefficients of the normal form, the authors prove that the first Hopf bifurcation for the L96 system is always supercritical. The paper discusses multiple stable limit cycles of periodic solutions. The authors explain this by embedding the system into a suitable two-parameter family of systems. In addition, it is shown how to accurately calculate all the normal form coefficients of the system, which reveals the presence of the Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. The authors give general existence proofs for static and dynamic problems, show that for a large class of such problems the constant solution is always globally asymptotically stable for small forcing, and give some numerical results.