On the Lefschetz standard conjecture for Lagrangian covered hyper-Kähler varieties (Q2071629)

Let \(X\) be a smooth projective variety of dimension \(n\). The Lefschetz standard conjecture in degree \(k\) predicts the existence of a codimension \(k\) rational cicle \(\mathcal{Z}_{\text{lef}}\in \operatorname{CH}^k(X\times X, \mathbb{Q})\) such that it induces an isomorphism \([\mathcal{Z}_{\text{lef}}]^*: H^{2n-k}(X, \mathbb{Q}) \rightarrow H^k(X, \mathbb{Q})\). This conjecture is important for different parts of the mathematics, for instance, it implies the variational Hodge conjecture and it allows realizing motivically the Lefschetz decomposition. This conjecture is known only in particular cases, for instance for abelian varieties and in degree two for many explicit families of hyper-Kähler manifolds. In this paper, the author studies the Lefschetz standard conjecture in degree 2 for hyper-Kähler manifolds admitting a Lagrangian fibration or a Lagrangian covering. We remark that conjecturally every projective hyper-Kähler manifold is covered by lagrangian subvarieties. The author proves that a hyper-Kähler \(X\) equipped with a Lagrangian fibration and Picard number equals two as soon as it satisfies SYZ conjecture or it contains a divisor with negative square. She also proves this conjecture for a very general polarised hyper-Kähler fourfold covered by Lagrangian subvarieties. These proofs are based on a clever study of the maps induced in cohomology by cycles appearing in various situations. The last part of the paper is devoted to explaining the consequences of this conjecture for the structure of the Chow group and how the Bloch-Beilinson filtration precisely depends on the Lefschetz conjecture in degree 2.