The Lefschetz question for ideals generated by powers of linear forms in few variables (Q2074398)

Let \(K\) be a field of characteristic zero and let \(R\) be the polynomial ring in \(n\) variables over \(K\). An artinian graded \(K\)-algebra \(R/I\) is said to have the Strong Lefschetz Property (SLP) whenever, for a general linear form \(L\) and for any integer \(d\), the multiplication map given by \(L^d\) from \([R/I]_t\to [R/I]_{t+d}\) has maximal rank in every degree \(t\). If this happens for \(d=1\), then \(R/I\) is said to have the Weak Lefschetz Property (WLP). Understanding whenever \(R/I\) has the SLP and the WLP is a challenging and motivating problem that has inspired a lot of papers and it has generated an incredible amount of connections between different areas of mathemathics. A general classification of the WLP and the SLP is not known, but many special cases have been invastigated. In particular, the case when the ideal \(I\) is generated by powers of linear forms is very interesting. In this setting the failure of the WLP is related, among all, to the problem wheter a set of fat points imposes the expected number of conditions on a linear systems of forms of fixed degree. When the number of variables is \(n=3\), it is known from [\textit{H. Schenck} and \textit{A. Seceleanu}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 138, No. 7, 2335--2339 (2010; Zbl 1192.13013)] that \(R/I\) has the WLP. In this paper the authors extend such result by showing that the multiplication by \(L^2\) always has maximal rank and they characterize whenever the multiplication by \(L^3\) has maximal rank. These results are proved in Section 5 and 6 and summarized in Theorem 1.1. Many consequences of Theorem 1.1 apply to algebras in 4 variables. In particular in sections 6 and 7 are examinated the cases when either \(I\) is generated in one degree (see Corollary 6.5. ) or the initial degree of \(I\) is low (2 or 3) see Theorem 1.2. These results are derived by a more general and powerful result based on an ``exchange property'', see proposition 3.1, which connects the Lefschetz properties of different rings and allows inductive approaches based on the number of variables and generators of \(I\).