Inequalities of invariants on Stanley-Reisner rings of Cohen-Macaulay simplicial complexes (Q2078382)

A simplicial complex \(\Delta\) on the vertex set \(V\) is a collection of subsets of \(V\) with the property that if \(F\subset G\) and \(G\in \Delta\), then \(F\in\Delta\). The dimension of \(\Delta\) is denoted by \(\dim(\Delta)\) and defined as \(\dim(\Delta)=\max\{|F|-1; F\in\Delta\}\). The restriction of \(\Delta\) to \(W\subset V\) is \(\Delta_W=\{F\in\Delta \;|\; F\subseteq W\}\). Let \(\operatorname{core}(V)=\{v\in V\;|\; \operatorname{st}(v)\neq\Delta\}\), where \(\operatorname{st}(v)=\{F\in\Delta\;|\;F\cup\{v\}\in\Delta\}\) and let \(\operatorname{core}(\Delta)=\Delta_{\operatorname{core}(V)}\). Let \(S=K[x_1,\dots,x_n]\) be the polynomial ring over a field \(K\) and \(\Delta\) be a simplicial complex with \(n\) vertices. The Stanley-Reisner ideal of \(\Delta\) over a field \(K\), is denoted by \(I_\Delta\) and defined as \(I_\Delta=(\prod_{i\in F} x_i\;|\; F\not\in\Delta)\). The Stanley-Reisner ring of \(\Delta\) over a field \(K\), is denoted by \(K(\Delta)\) and defined as \(K(\Delta)=S/I_{\Delta}\). We know that \(\dim(K[\Delta])=\dim(\Delta)+1\). We say that \(\Delta\) is Cohen-Macaulay if \(K[\Delta]\) is Cohen-Macaulay. The Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of \(K[\Delta]\), \(\operatorname{reg}(K[\Delta])\), is defined by \[\operatorname{reg}(K[\Delta])=\max\{j-i\;|\; \beta_{ij}(\Delta)\neq 0\},\] where \(\beta_{ij}(\Delta)= \dim_K(\operatorname{Tor}_i(K,K[\Delta))_j\). We use the notation \(\operatorname{reg}(\Delta)\) instead of \(\operatorname{reg}(K[\Delta)\). Assume that \(\Delta\) is Cohen-Macaulay over \(K\). Let \(\operatorname{type}(K[\Delta])\) denotes the {\em Cohen-Macaulay type} of \(K[\Delta]\). Namely, \(\operatorname{type}(K[\Delta])=\beta_c(\Delta)=\sum_{j\in \mathbb{Z}}\beta_{cj}(\Delta)\), where \(c=n-\dim(K[\Delta])\). Similarly to the above, we use the notation \(\operatorname{type}(\Delta)\) instead of \(\operatorname{type}(K[\Delta])\). Moreover, when \(\Delta\) is Cohen-Macaulay over \(K\), let \(a(K[\Delta])=a(\Delta)\) denotes the \(a\)-invariant of \(K[\Delta]\). Namely, we have \(a(\Delta)=-\min\{j\;|\; (\omega_\Delta)_j\neq 0\}\), where \(\omega_\Delta\) denotes the canonical module of \(K[\Delta]\). It is well known that \(\operatorname{reg}(\Delta)=a(\Delta)+\dim(K[\Delta])\). In the paper under review the authors prove that for Cohen-Macaulay simplicial complex \(\Delta\) of dimension \(d-1\) with \(\Delta=\operatorname{core}(\Delta)\), we have that \(d\leq \operatorname{reg}(\Delta).\operatorname{type}(\Delta)\). The authors also prove that a stronger inequality holds for the simplicial complexes \(\Delta\) under some stronger assumption on \(K[\Delta]\). Indeed, they show that if \(\Delta\) is a Cohen-Macaulay simplicial complex of dimension \(d-1\) with \(\Delta=\operatorname{core}(\Delta)\) such that \(\Delta\) satisfies one of the following: \begin{itemize} \item[1)] \(K[\Delta]\) has a 1-linear resolution, or \item[2)] \(a(\Delta)=0\), \end{itemize} then the inequality \(d\leq\operatorname{reg}(\Delta)+\operatorname{type}(\Delta)-1\) holds. For the last main result, the authors prove that if \(d,r,t\) be integers with \(r,t\geq 2\) and \(r\leq d\leq rt\), then there exists a graph \(G\) having no isolated vertex such that \(\Delta(G)\) is Cohen-Macaulay and \(\dim(\Delta(G))=d-1\), \(\operatorname{reg}(\Delta(G))=r\) and \(\operatorname{type}(\Delta(G))=t\). Recall that for a finite simple graph \(G=(V(G),E(G))\), we call a subset \(W\) of \(V(G)\) an independent set if \(\{v,w\}\notin E(G)\) for any \(v,w\in W\). We can associate an abstract simplicial complex \(\Delta(G)\) on \(V(G)\) as follows: \[\Delta(G)=\{W\subset V(G)\;|\; W\; \text{is an independent set of}\; G\},\] which is called an independent complex of \(G\).