Monadic forgetful functors and (non-)presentability for \(C^\ast\)- and \(W^\ast\)-algebras (Q2079637)

The original impetus for this paper was [\textit{J. Rosický}, Commun. Algebra 50, No. 1, 268--274 (2022; Zbl 1483.18006)] asking whether the forgetful functors \[ G:\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast}\rightarrow\mathrm{Ban} \] and \[ G_{c}:\mathcal{C}_{c,1}^{\ast}\rightarrow\mathrm{Ban} \] are monadic, where \(\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ and \(\mathcal{C}_{c,1}^{\ast} \)\ are the categories of unital \(C^{\ast}\)- and unitial commutative \(C^{\ast} \)-algebras respectively, while \(\mathrm{Ban}\)\ is the category of Banach spaces and linear maps of norm \(\leq1\)\ as morphisms. This paper gives the affirmative answer to the above question (Theorem 2.4 and Corollary 2.6). Theorem. The forgetful functors from the category \(\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast}\) to the categories of unital Banach *-algebras, unital Banach algebras and Banach spaces are all monadic. The same holds for commutative (\(C^{\ast}\)- and Banach) algebras. The obvious modification of the previous result goes through for von Neumann or \(W^{\ast}\)-algebras (Theorem 4.11 and Corollary 4.13). Theorem. The forgetful functors from the category \(\mathcal{W}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ of \(W^{\ast}\)-algebras to the categories of \(C^{\ast}\)-algebras, unital Banach *-algebras, unital Banach algebras and Banach spaces are all monadic. It has been known for some time that the categories \(\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast} \)\ and \(\mathcal{C}_{c,1}^{\ast}\)\ are locally \(\aleph_{1}\)-presentable [\textit{J. Adámek} and \textit{J. Rosický}, Locally presentable and accessible categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1994; Zbl 0795.18007), Theorem 3.28; \textit{J. W. Pelletier} and \textit{J. Rosický}, Algebra Univers. 30, No. 2, 275--284 (1993; Zbl 0817.46057), Theorem 2.4]. A strong negation of local presentability for \(\mathcal{W}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ is demonstrated (Theorem 4.2 and Proposition 4.10). Theorem. The only presentable objects in the category \(\mathcal{W}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ of von Neumann algebras are \(\left\{ 0\right\} \)\ and \(\mathbb{C}\). The following speculation is established (Proposition 3.1, Corollary 3.2, Proposition 3.3 and Corollary 3.4). Theorem. Let \(A\)\ be a commutative unital \(C^{\ast}\)-algebra and \(\mathcal{M}\)\ the class of isometric \(C^{\ast}\) morphisms. \begin{itemize} \item \(A\) is \(\aleph_{0}\)-generated with respect to \(\mathcal{M}\)\ in the (plain or enriched) category \(\mathcal{C}_{c,1}^{\ast}\)\ iff it is finite-dimensional. \item \(A\) is \(\aleph_{0}\)-generated with respect to \(\mathcal{M}\)\ in the ordinary category \(\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ iff it has dimension \(\leq1\). \item \(A\) is \(\aleph_{0}\)-generated with respect to \(\mathcal{M}\)\ in the \(\mathrm{CMet}\)-enriched category \(\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ iff it is finite-dimensional, where \(\mathrm{CMet}\)\ is the category of complete generalized metric spaces. \end{itemize}