Monadic forgetful functors and (non-)presentability for C^- and W^-algebras

DOI10.1016/J.JPAA.2022.107209MaRDI QIDQ2079637zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 30 September 2022

Published in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.12087

\(C^\ast\)-algebra \(W^\ast\)-algebra Beck's theorem enriched locally generated locally presented monadic tripleability

Monads (= standard construction, triple or triad), algebras for monads, homology and derived functors for monads (18C15) Accessible and locally presentable categories (18C35) Enriched categories (over closed or monoidal categories) (18D20) Banach algebras of continuous functions, function algebras (46J10) General theory of (C^*)-algebras (46L05) General theory of von Neumann algebras (46L10)

Abstract: We prove that the forgetful functors from the categories of

C^{*}

- and

W^{*}

-algebras to Banach

*

-algebras, Banach algebras or Banach spaces are all monadic, answering a question of J.Rosick'{y}, and that the categories of unital (commutative)

C^{*}

-algebras are not locally-isometry

a l e p h_{0}

-generated either as plain or as metric-enriched categories, answering a question of I. Di Liberti and Rosick'{y}. We also prove a number of negative presentability results for the category of von Neumann algebras: not only is that category not locally presentable, but in fact its only presentable objects are the two algebras of dimension

l e 1

. For the same reason, for a locally compact abelian group

m a t h b b G

the category of

m a t h b b G

-graded von Neumann algebras is not locally presentable.

Review text

The original impetus for this paper was [\textit{J. Rosický}, Commun. Algebra 50, No. 1, 268--274 (2022; Zbl 1483.18006)] asking whether the forgetful functors \[ G:\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast}\rightarrow\mathrm{Ban} \] and \[ G_{c}:\mathcal{C}_{c,1}^{\ast}\rightarrow\mathrm{Ban} \] are monadic, where \(\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ and \(\mathcal{C}_{c,1}^{\ast} \)\ are the categories of unital \(C^{\ast}\)- and unitial commutative \(C^{\ast} \)-algebras respectively, while \(\mathrm{Ban}\)\ is the category of Banach spaces and linear maps of norm \(\leq1\)\ as morphisms. This paper gives the affirmative answer to the above question (Theorem 2.4 and Corollary 2.6). Theorem. The forgetful functors from the category \(\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast}\) to the categories of unital Banach *-algebras, unital Banach algebras and Banach spaces are all monadic. The same holds for commutative (\(C^{\ast}\)- and Banach) algebras. The obvious modification of the previous result goes through for von Neumann or \(W^{\ast}\)-algebras (Theorem 4.11 and Corollary 4.13). Theorem. The forgetful functors from the category \(\mathcal{W}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ of \(W^{\ast}\)-algebras to the categories of \(C^{\ast}\)-algebras, unital Banach *-algebras, unital Banach algebras and Banach spaces are all monadic. It has been known for some time that the categories \(\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast} \)\ and \(\mathcal{C}_{c,1}^{\ast}\)\ are locally \(\aleph_{1}\)-presentable [\textit{J. Adámek} and \textit{J. Rosický}, Locally presentable and accessible categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1994; Zbl 0795.18007), Theorem 3.28; \textit{J. W. Pelletier} and \textit{J. Rosický}, Algebra Univers. 30, No. 2, 275--284 (1993; Zbl 0817.46057), Theorem 2.4]. A strong negation of local presentability for \(\mathcal{W}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ is demonstrated (Theorem 4.2 and Proposition 4.10). Theorem. The only presentable objects in the category \(\mathcal{W}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ of von Neumann algebras are \(\left\{ 0\right\} \)\ and \(\mathbb{C}\). The following speculation is established (Proposition 3.1, Corollary 3.2, Proposition 3.3 and Corollary 3.4). Theorem. Let \(A\)\ be a commutative unital \(C^{\ast}\)-algebra and \(\mathcal{M}\)\ the class of isometric \(C^{\ast}\) morphisms. \begin{itemize} \item \(A\) is \(\aleph_{0}\)-generated with respect to \(\mathcal{M}\)\ in the (plain or enriched) category \(\mathcal{C}_{c,1}^{\ast}\)\ iff it is finite-dimensional. \item \(A\) is \(\aleph_{0}\)-generated with respect to \(\mathcal{M}\)\ in the ordinary category \(\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ iff it has dimension \(\leq1\). \item \(A\) is \(\aleph_{0}\)-generated with respect to \(\mathcal{M}\)\ in the \(\mathrm{CMet}\)-enriched category \(\mathcal{C}_{1}^{\ast}\)\ iff it is finite-dimensional, where \(\mathrm{CMet}\)\ is the category of complete generalized metric spaces. \end{itemize}

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