\(K3\) surfaces, Picard numbers and Siegel disks (Q2079646)

The main result of this paper is formulated in the following theorem Theorem. If a \(K3\) surface \(X\) admits an automorphism with at least one Siegel disk, then the Picard number \(\rho(X)\) of \(X\) must be even in the range \(0\leq \rho(X)\leq 18\). Conversely, for any even integer \(r\), there exist \(K3\) surface automorphisms \(f: X\to X\) with Siegel disks such that the Picard nubmer \(\rho(X)\) is equal to \(r\). In fact, the main result is the converse direction which asserts that all even Picard nubmers in the range \(0\) to \(18\) can be realized by \(K3\) surface automorphisms with Siegel disks. The construction of a \(K3\) surface automorphism is reduced to a lattice theoretic problem, and an extensive computer searches for suitable Salem numbers and computations of algebraic numbers arising from holomorphic Lefscetz type fixed point formulas and related Grothendieck residues. The method is described briefly as follows. Let \(L\) be an abstract \(K3\) lattice endowed with a Hodge structure. A Hodge isometry is a lattice automorphism of \(L\) that preserves the Hodge structure. Any positive Hodge isometry preserving the Kähler cone lifts to a unique \(K3\) automorphism up to isomorphism. This paper focuses on a positive Hodge isometry \(F:L\to L\) of hyperbolic type, in which case there is a real number \(\lambda>1\) a Salem number and the resulting \(K3\) surface automorphism \(f\) with positive topological entropy \(h(f)=\log\lambda>0\). To produce a positive Hodge isometry \(F:L\to L\) of hyperbolic type, the authors use the method of hypergeometric groups. The computer search is for a pair of suitable polynomials \((\phi,\psi)\) which yields a \(K3\) surface automorphisms of positive entropy with various Picard nubmers. From the vast data thus obtained, the authors look for automorphisms with Siegel disks until they cover all possible Picard numbers.