Reconstructing the orbit type stratification of a torus action from its equivariant cohomology (Q2082530)

Let \(T\) be a compact torus and \(X\) be a \(T\)-space. The \textit{connected orbit type stratification of~\(X\)} refers to a poset \(\chi\) given by all connected components of fixed point sets \(X^U\), where~\(U\subset T\) is a subtorus, together with a function \[ \lambda\colon \chi\to \{\text{connected, closed subgroups of \(T\)\}} \] that sends \(C\in\chi\) to the identity component of the kernel of the \(T\)-action on \(C\). In the case of GKM manifolds \(X\), this data~\((\chi,\lambda)\) is determined by the equivariant cohomology ring of \(X\). However, such a statement is false for an arbitrary \(T\)-space. In this paper, the authors investigate the information of the connected orbit type stratification of a \(T\)-space encoded in its rational equivariant cohomology. They introduce the notion of ramified elements of the connected orbit type stratification \(\chi\), which form a subposet \(\bar\chi\). \textbf{Theorem}~ The rational equivariant cohomology of a compact \(T\)-space \(X\) encodes the subposet \(\bar\chi\) of ramified elements in the connected orbit type stratification, together with the function \(\bar\lambda\colon \bar\chi \to \{\text{connected subgroups of } T\}\) that sends an element~\(C\in\bar\chi\) to the identity component of the kernel of the \(T\)-action on~\(C\). In addition, this paper also studies other (equivariant) cohomology algebras in \(\chi\) that are encoded in \( H^*_T (X)\). \textbf{Proposition}~ The sum of all Betti numbers of each individual path-component of \(X^T\) is encoded in \(H_T^*(X)\). If \(X\) is equivariantly formal, then the individual sums of all Betti numbers of the components of \(X^U\) are encoded in \(H_T^*(X)\) for every subtorus \(U\subset T\). \textbf{Theorem}~ Let \(M\) be an equivariantly formal, compact orientable \(T\)-manifold such that the map \(H^*(M)\to H^*(X)\) is surjective for all components \(X\) of \(M^T\). Then, the equivariant cohomology~\(H^*_T(M)\) encodes the connected orbit type stratification \(\chi\) of \(M\) as well as for any \(C,D\in\chi\) with \(C\subset D\), the respective equivariant cohomology algebras and the map \(H^*_T(D)\to H^*_T(C)\) induced by the inclusion.