GKM theory and Hamiltonian non-Kähler actions in dimension 6 (Q2180898)

Let a compact torus \(T\) act on a closed, connected, orientable manifold \(M\). Let \(M^T\) denote the fixed point set of the action and \(M_1\) the set of points \(p\in M\) such that \(\dim Tp\leq 1\). The action of \(T\) on \(M\) is said to satisfy the GKM conditions, if \(M^T\) is finite and \(M_1\) is a finite union of \(T\)-invariant two-spheres. The authors associate a graph \(\Gamma\), called the GKM graph, to such action. The vertices of \(\Gamma\) are the fixed points of the action and the edges are the invariant two-spheres that connect two fixed points. The authors show that in dimension \(6\), the diffeomorphism type of a GKM manifold is determined by its graph. In [Invent. Math. 131, No. 2, 299--310 (1998; Zbl 0901.58018)], \textit{S. Tolman} constructed the first example of a compact Hamiltonian torus action with finite fixed point set that does not admit an invariant Kähler structure. For the construction, she used symplectic gluing of two \(6\)-dimensional Hamiltonian \(T^2\)-manifolds that are restrictions of toric symplectic manifolds. In [Invent. Math. 131, No. 2, 311--319 (1998; Zbl 0902.58014)], \textit{C. Woodward} constructed a similar example that extends to a multiplicity-free Hamiltonian action. His example is a \(\mathrm{U}(2)\)-equivariant symplectic surgery of the \(6\)-dimensional full flag manifold \(\mathrm{U}(3)/T^3\). The authors apply the result about the diffeomorphism types of the \(6\)-dimensional GKM manifolds to show that both Tolman's and Woodward's examples are (nonequivariantly) diffeomorphic to Eschenburg's twisted flag manifold \(\mathrm{SU}(3)// T^2\). In particular, it follows that Tolman's and Woodward's examples admit a noninvariant Kähler structure.