Local-global principles for constant reductive groups over semi-global fields (Q2083496)

A semi-global field over a complete discretely valued field \(K\) is, by definition, an one-variable function field \(F\) over \(K\). Given a general reductive group \(G\) over the underlying valuation ring \(R\), let Ш\((F, G)\) be the set of the isomorphism classes of \(G\)-torsors over \(F\) that become trivial over each completion \(F_{v}\) at a divisorial discrete valuation \(v\). The Tate-Shafarevich set Ш\((F, G)\) is the obstruction to the local-global principle for \(G\)-torsors studied by the authors. Here is one of the main results of the work under review, cited almost verbatim. Theorem. Let \(K\) be a complete discretely valued field, let \(R\) be its ring of integers, and let \(F\) be a semi-global field over \(K\). Let \(\mathfrak{X}\) be a regular projective model of \(F\) over \(R\); suppose that the residue field \(k\) of \(R\) is of characteristic zero, that the closed fibre \(\mathfrak{X}_{k}\) of \(\mathfrak{X}\) is reduced and has normal crossings, and that the reduction graph associated to \(\mathfrak{X}_{k}\) is a tree and remains so under any finite extension \(k'|k\). Then Ш\((F, G)=\{1\}\) for any linear algebraic reductive group \(G\) over \(R\). Sometimes, however, the local-global principle for a \(G\)-torsor over a semi-global field does not hold true. The authors provide some counterexamples to local-global principles for \(G\)-torsors under semisimple simply connected linear algebraic groups \(G\). In their counterexamples \(\mathrm{cd}(k)\geq 3\) and \(\mathrm{cd}(F)\geq 4\); according to the authors, for an arbitrary semisimple simply connected linear algebraic group \(G\) over a semi-global field \(F\), it is unknown whether there are counterexamples of smaller cohomological dimension. Moreover, making use of the description of the Tate-Shafarevich set obtained in their paper and ``relying on classical results of Platonov and of Voskresenskii'', the authors construct examples in which Ш\((F, G)\) is an infinite set.