Trialities of orthosymplectic \(\mathcal{W} \)-algebras (Q2089649)

Some of the most studied examples of vertex (super)algebras are affine vertex (super)algebras, associated to a finite-dimensional simple Lie (super)algebra \(\mathfrak{g}\) and a level \(k\in\mathbb{C}\), and their quantum Drinfeld-Sokolov reductions, which are associated to nilpotent elements \(f\in\mathfrak{g}\) and are called affine \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras. Affine \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras associated to non-principal nilpotent elements often contain affine vertex subalgebras (generated by all vectors of conformal weight \(1\)), and thus one gets new vertex (super)algebras by taking the commutant, or coset, of the affine vertex subalgebra inside the larger \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebra. This is the set of all vectors in the \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebra whose vertex operators commute with all vertex operators coming from the affine subalgebra. The main result of this paper is four trialities of \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras, which are one-parameter families of isomorphisms between the affine cosets of three different \(\mathcal{W}\)-(super)algebras. In this paper, the \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras come from the Lie (super)algebras \(\mathfrak{so}_m\), \(\mathfrak{sp}_{2n}\), and \(\mathfrak{osp}_{m\vert 2n}\). In slightly earlier work [\textit{T. Creutzig} and \textit{A. Linshaw}, Camb. J. Math. 10, No. 1, 69--194 (2022; Zbl 07512764)], the authors proved trialities of \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras in type \(A\) which had been conjectured in the physics literature [\textit{D. Gaiotto} and \textit{M. Rapčák}, J. High Energy Phys. 2019, No. 1, Paper No. 160, 88 p. (2019; Zbl 1409.81148)]. In the present work, special cases of the main results include Feigin-Frenkel duality [\textit{B. Feigin} and \textit{E. Frenkel}, Int. Math. Res. Not. 1991, No. 6, 75--82 (1991; Zbl 0790.17013)] for principal \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras in types \(B\), \(C\), and \(D\) , as well as an analogous duality for \(\mathfrak{osp}_{1\vert 2n}\); a realization of principal \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras in types \(B\) and \(C\) as affine cosets inside affine vertex superalgebras of type \(\mathfrak{osp}_{1\vert 2n}\); and a new proof of the coset realization for principal \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras of type \(D\) previously obtained in [\textit{T. Arakawa}, \textit{T. Creutzig} and \textit{A. Linshaw}, Invent. Math. 218, No. 1, 145--195 (2019; Zbl 1459.17045)]. To prove the four trialities of \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras, the authors first find strong generators of even conformal weight for the affine cosets under consideration by taking infinite-level limits of the corresponding \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras and using some classical invariant theory to find strong generators of the resulting (orbifolds of) free field vertex (super)algebras. The strong generating sets then help the authors show that their affine cosets are one-parameter quotients of the two-parameter universal even spin \(\mathcal{W}_\infty\)-algebra \(\mathcal{W}^{\mathrm{ev}}(c,\lambda)\) constructed in [\textit{S. Kanade} and \textit{A. Linshaw}, Adv. Math. 355, Article ID 106774, 58 p. (2019; Zbl 1453.17016)]. These quotients of \(\mathcal{W}^{\mathrm{ev}}(c,\lambda)\) correspond to ideals in \(\mathbb{C}[c,\lambda]\), and the authors explicitly determine which ideals give rise to the affine cosets under consideration. Trialities then follow from showing that the ideals of \(\mathbb{C}[c,\lambda]\) giving rise to three different affine cosets are identical. Realizing their affine cosets as quotients of \(\mathcal{W}^{\mathrm{ev}}(c,\lambda)\) also allows the authors to show that at certain levels, the affine cosets are isomorphic to (\(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\)-orbifolds of) principal \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras of type \(\mathfrak{so}_m\), \(\mathfrak{sp}_{2n}\), or \(\mathfrak{osp}_{1\vert 2n}\) (which are also quotients of \(\mathcal{W}^{\mathrm{ev}}(c,\lambda)\)). Using these isomorphisms as well as the trialities of the main theorem, the authors show that many interesting vertex (super)algebras contain rational and \(C_2\)-cofinite conformal subalgebras and are thus themselves rational and \(C_2\)-cofinite. These new rational and \(C_2\)-cofinite vertex (super)algebras include affine vertex superalgebras of \(\mathfrak{osp}_{1\vert 2n}\) at positive integer levels, principal \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras of \(\mathfrak{osp}_{1\vert 2n}\) and \(\mathfrak{osp}_{2\vert 2n}\) at certain admissible levels, subregular \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras of type \(B\) and minimal \(\mathcal{W}\)-algebras of type \(C\) at certain admissible levels, and cosets of affine vertex subalgebras of type \(C\) inside certain (tensor products of) affine vertex algebras of type \(C\).