On the existence of isoperimetric regions in manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth (Q2113333)

Motivated by several important progress with the problem of existence of isoperimetric regions in the setting of non-compact manifolds, particularly, by \textit{G. Antonelli} et al.'s work [``The isoperimetric problem on Riemannian manifolds via Gromov-Hausdorff asymptotic analysis'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2101.12711}], the authors discover the new existence results for isoperimetric regions of large volume in the setting of complete non-compact manifolds (\(M^n, g\)) with \(\mathrm{Ric}\geq 0\) and Euclidean volume growth. Here Euclidean volume growth means the limit \(\mathrm{AVR}(M^n,g):= \lim_{r\to\infty}\frac{\mathrm{Vol}(B_r(x))}{\omega_nr^n}\) exists and belongs to \((0,1]\), where \(\omega_n\) is the volume of the \(n\)-dimensional unit ball. Let (\(M^n, g\)) be a complete non-compact non-collapsed Riemannian manifold with \(\mathrm{Ric}\geq 0\), then (\(M^n,g\)) can be written as (\(\mathbb{R}^k\times N^{n-k}, g_{\mathbb{R}^k} +g_N\)) by the Cheeger-Gromoll splitting theorem, where (\(N^{n-k}, g_N\)) does not split a line and \(0\leq k\leq n\). Then the main result in the paper shows that if there exists \(\epsilon>0\) such that \[ \mathrm{AVR}(X_\infty, d_\infty, m_\infty)\geq \mathrm{AVR}(M^n,g)+\epsilon \] for every pointed measured Gromov-Hausdorff limit \((X_\infty, d_\infty, m_\infty, x_\infty\)) of sequences \(\{(M^n, d, \mathrm{Vol}, p_i)\}_{i\in\mathbb{N}_{\geq 0}}\) with \(p_i=(0, x_i)\) and \(d_N(x_i,x_0)\to \infty\) as \(i\to\infty\), then there exists \(V_0>0\) such that for every \(V\geq V_0\) there exists an isoperimetric region of volume \(V\) in \(M^n\). The authors note that the assumptions above are unnecessary for the existence of isoperimetric sets in the setting of manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature. It is not clear whether manifolds with non-negative Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth always admit isoperimetric regions for big volume. The main result implies that, for a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold \(M^n\) with Euclidean volume growth, if \(M^n\) has non-negative sectional curvature or satisfies that \(\mathrm{Ric}\geq 0\) and no asymptotic cone of \(N^{n-k}\) splits a line, then there is \(V_0 > 0\) such that for every \(V\geq V_0\) there exists an isoperimetric region of volume \(V\) in \(M^n\). The authors prove the concavity of the isoperimetric profile and then use it as a tool to provide existence.