On families of imaginary abelian fields with pseudo-null unramified Iwasawa modules (Q2117391)

All algebraic extensions of the field of rational numbers \(\mathbb{Q}\) are assumed to be contained in a fixed algebraic closure of \(\mathbb{Q}\). Let \(k/\mathbb{Q}\) be a finite extension. For a prime number \(p\), let \(\mathbb{Z}_p\) be the ring of \(p\)-adic integers. Let \(\tilde{k}\) be the composite field of all \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extensions of \(k\). Let \(L_{\tilde{k}}/\tilde{k}\) be the maximal unramified abelian pro-\(p\) extension and put \(X_{\tilde{k}}=\mathrm{Gal}(L_{\tilde{k}}/\tilde{k})\), which is often called the unramified Iwasawa module of \(\tilde{k}\). The Galois group \(\mathrm{Gal}(\tilde{k}/k)\) acts on \(X_{\tilde{k}}\) via the inner automorphism, and then, the complete group ring \(\Lambda=\mathbb{Z}_p \llbracket \mathrm{Gal}(\tilde{k}/k) \rrbracket\) of \(\mathrm{Gal}(\tilde{k}/k)\) with coefficients in \(\mathbb{Z}_p\) acts on \(X_{\tilde{k}}\), the projective limit is taken with respect to restriction maps of Galois groups. It is shown that \(X_{\tilde{k}}\) is a finitely generated torsion \(\Lambda\)-module, see \textit{R. Greenberg}'s Theorem 1 in [Am. J. Math. 95, 204--214 (1973; Zbl 0268.12005)]. A finitely generated torsion \(\Lambda\)-module \(M\) is called pseudo-null if the annihilator ideal of \(M\) over \(\Lambda\) is not contained in any height one prime ideals of \(\Lambda\), and write \(M\sim 0\) for pseudo-null \(\Lambda\)-modules \(M\). The main result of this article can be stated as follows. Let \(p\) be a prime number. Then there exist infinitely many imaginary abelian fields \(k\) such that \(X_{\tilde{k}}\neq 0\) and \(X_{\tilde{k}}\sim 0\). The authors also discuss on an application to non-abelian Iwasawa theory in the sense of Ozaki.