Abelian 2-class field towers over the cyclotomic \({\mathbb {Z}_2}\)-extensions of imaginary quadratic fields (Q966436)

Let \(k\) be a number field and \(k_\infty\) its cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_2\)-extension. The Galois group \(G(k_\infty)\) of the maximal unramified pro-\(2\) extension of \(k_\infty\) is abelian if and only if the \(n\)-th layer \(k_n\) of the \(\mathbb Z_2\)-extension has abelian \(2\)-class field tower for all \(n \geq 1\). In this article, all such fields are classified in terms of Iwasawa polynomials. The key theorem of this article is the following. Let \(k = \mathbb Q(\sqrt{-q}\,)\) be a complex quadratic number field, where \(q \equiv 15 \bmod 32\) is prime. Then \(G(k_\infty)\) is abelian if and only if \(P(-1) \equiv 1 \bmod 4\), where \(P(T)\) is the Iwasawa polynomial associated to \(X = X(k_\infty)\). In a second theorem, the authors explicitly give all complex quadratic number field \(k\) with abelian \(G(k_\infty)\).