Invariant integrals on topological groups (Q2118416)

The aim of this article is to extend the study of fixed-point property for discrete groups in [\textit{N. Monod}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc., Ser. B 4, 68--93 (2017; Zbl 1494.22003)] to the case of topological groups. More precisely, if \(G\) is a topological group, \(\pi\) is a continuous linear action of \(G\) on a locally convex space \(X\) (on the left) and \(C\subseteq X\) is a non-zero \(\pi\)-invariant weakly complete proper cone, then the restriction of \(\pi\) on \(C\) is called a \emph{representation of \(G\) on \(C\)}. This representation is said to be \emph{locally bounded right uniformly continuous} if there exists \(x_0\in C\setminus \{0\}\) such that \(\pi(G)x_0\) is a bounded subset of \(X\) and that for each neighborhood \(U\subseteq X\) of \(0\), there is a neighborhood \(V\subseteq G\) of the identity satisfying \[\{\pi(t)y - y:y\in \pi(G)x_0\}\subseteq U\qquad (t\in V).\] On the other hand, such a representation is said to be of \emph{cobounded type} if there exists \(f\) in the dual space \(X'\) of \(X\) such that for every \(g\in X'\), there are \(s_1,\dots ,s_n\in G\) with \[\pm g(c) \leq \sum_{j=1}^n f\big(\pi(s_j)(c)\big) \qquad (c\in C).\] A topological group \(G\) is said to have the \emph{fixed-point property for cones} if every locally bounded right uniformly continuous representation of \(G\) on a non-zero weakly complete proper cone of cobounded type admits a non-zero fixed point. Let \(E\) be a normed Riesz space. Suppose that \(G\) acts (on the left) on \(E\) by positive linear isometries. Then \(G\) is said to have the \emph{translation property for \(E\)} if for every \(u\in E_+\setminus \{0\}\) and \(\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_n\in \mathbb{R}\), the condition \(\sum_{j=1}^n \lambda_j s_j \cdot u \geq 0\) for some \(s_1,\dots,s_n\in G\) will imply that \({\sum}_{j=1}^n \lambda_j\geq 0\). On the other hand, let us denote \[(E,u):= \left\{v\in E: |v| \leq \lambda\sum_{j=1}^n s_j\cdot u, \text{ for some }s_1,\dots ,s_n\in G \text{ and }\lambda \in \mathbb{R}^+\right\} \qquad (u\in E_+).\] Then \(G\) is said to have the \emph{invariant normalized integral property for \(E\)} if for every \(u\in E_+\setminus \{0\}\) there exists a \(G\)-invariant positive linear functional \(I\) on \((E,u)\) with \(I(u) = 1\). Let \(C_b(G;\mathbb{R})\) be the space of all bounded continuous real valued functions on \(G\). Let \(RUC(G;\mathbb{R})\), \(LUC(G;\mathbb{R})\) and \(UC(G;\mathbb{R})\) be the subspaces of \(C_b(G;\mathbb{R})\) consisting of right uniformly continuous functions, left uniformly continuous functions and uniformly continuous functions, respectively. Then \(G\) acts on \(C_b(G;\mathbb{R})\), \(RUC(G;\mathbb{R})\), \(LUC(G;\mathbb{R})\) and \(UC(G;\mathbb{R})\) in canonical ways. When \(G\) is a locally compact group, we denote by \(L^\infty(G;\mathbb{R})\) the space of all real valued \(L^\infty\)-functions with respect to the Haar measure. In this case, \(G\) acts on \(L^\infty(G;\mathbb{R})\) in the canonical way. The main result of this paper is the following: \begin{itemize} \item A topological group \(G\) has the fixed-point property for cones if and only if \(G\) has the invariant normalized integral property for \(RUC(G;\mathbb{R})\). \item For a locally compact group \(G\), the following statements are equivalent: (1) \(G\) has the fixed-point property for cones; (2) \(G\) has the invariant normalized integral property for some (and equivalently, for all) of the spaces: \(RUC(G;\mathbb{R})\), \(LUC(G;\mathbb{R})\), \(UC(G;\mathbb{R})\), \(C_b(G;\mathbb{R})\) and \(L^\infty(G;\mathbb{R})\); (3) \(G\) has the translation property for some (and equivalently, for all) of the spaces: \(RUC(G;\mathbb{R})\), \(LUC(G;\mathbb{R})\), \(UC(G;\mathbb{R})\), \(C_b(G;\mathbb{R})\) and \(L^\infty(G;\mathbb{R})\). \end{itemize} Using the above, the author gives the following positive answer to a question of [\textit{F.~P. Greenleaf}, Invariant means on topological groups and their applications. (Van Nostrand Mathematical Studies. No.~16.) London: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. (1969; Zbl 0174.19001)], in the case of locally compact groups: ``Let \(G\) be a locally compact group and \(E=RUC(G;\mathbb{R})\). If \(u\in E_+\setminus \{0\}\) such that there is a non-zero \(G\)-invariant positive functional on the real subspace generated by \(G\cdot u\), then there exists a \(G\)-invariant positive functional \(I\) on \((E, u)\) with \(I(u) = 1\).'' Furthermore, some hereditary statements for groups having the fixed-point property for cones are also given. For examples, if a topological group has the fixed-point property for cones, then open subgroups of this group, images of continuous homomorphisms from this group, and extensions of this group by finite groups have the fixed-point property for cones. In the case of a locally compact group \(G\), if \(G\) has the fixed-point property for cones, then closed subgroups of \(G\), products of \(G\) with subexponential growth groups and extensions of compact groups by \(G\) also have the fixed-point property for cones. Moreover, if a locally compact group \(G\) contains a dense subgroup with the fixed-point property for cones, then \(G\) has the fixed-point property for cones.