New simple solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation and solutions associated to simple left braces (Q2118938)

The quantum Yang-Baxter equation is a basic equation of theoretical physics for which the interest has vastly increased in the last years. \\ In the 90s, \textit{V. G. Drinfel'd} [Lect. Notes Math. 1510, 1--8 (1992; Zbl 0765.17014)] posed the question of finding all its set-theoretic solutions, namely pairs \((X,r)\), where \(X\) is a set and \(r\) is a map from \(X \times X\) into itself satisfying the braid relation \begin{align*} \left(r \times id\right)\left(id \times r\right)\left(r \times id\right)=\left(id \times r\right)\left(r \times id\right)\left(id \times r\right). \end{align*} An important class is that of involutive and non-degenerate set-theoretic solutions, briefly, \emph{solutions}, the study of which was initiated by \textit{T. Gateva-Ivanova} and \textit{M. Van den Bergh} [J. Algebra 206, No. 1, 97--112 (1998; Zbl 0944.20049)], and \textit{P. Etingof} et al. [Duke Math. J. 100, No. 2, 169--209 (1999; Zbl 0969.81030)]. Every finite solution leads to indecomposable and irretractable solutions. Moreover, \textit{M. Castelli} et al. [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 223, No. 10, 4477--4493 (2019; Zbl 1412.16023)] showed that every finite indecomposable solution is a dynamical extension of a simple solution \((X, r)\), that is, \(|X| > 1\) and for every epimorphism \(f : (X, r) \to (Y, s)\) of solutions either \(f\) is an isomorphism or \(|Y | = 1\). In the paper under review, it is continued the study of finite simple solutions started in [the authors, Adv. Math. 391, Article ID 107968, 40 p. (2021; Zbl 1485.16032)], where the same authors provide several constructions of such maps. In particular, they give a new class of indecomposable and irretractable solutions and get necessary and sufficient conditions for such solutions to be simple. This description allows them to construct several examples. Besides, they establish a link between simple solutions and \textit{simple left braces} [\textit{W. Rump}, Adv. Math. 193, No. 1, 40--55 (2005; Zbl 1074.81036)] which allows them to answer some questions of their previous paper. Into the specific, they construct finite simple solutions \((X, r)\) such that the left brace \(G(X, r)\) is simple. On the other hand, they prove that, under certain conditions, a finite non-trivial simple left brace naturally leads to a simple solution.