Set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation, braces and symmetric groups (Q1789498)

Matched pairs of groups were introduced and studied by \textit{M. Takeuchi} [Commun. Algebra 9, 841--882 (1981; Zbl 0456.16011)] in connection with Hopf algebras, later also in the context of set-theoretic solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation [Banach Cent. Publ. 61, 305--331 (2003; Zbl 1066.16044)]. The structure group of an involutive solution carries a ring-like structure which makes it into a brace, generalizing the concept of radical ring. The paper under review studies braces as braided groups with an involutive braiding, which have also been called ``symmetric groups''. If the brace associated to a finite solution $X$ is a radical ring $A$ of nilpotency class $m>1$, the multipermutation level of $X$ is shown to satisfy the inequality $m-1\le\operatorname{mpl}X\le m$, with $\operatorname{mpl}X=m$ for a square-free solution. Reviewer's remark: Note that the connection between braided groups and (not necessarily involutive) solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation is fundamental in the concept of braided tensor category (see [\textit{A. Joyal} and \textit{R. Street}, Adv. Math. 102, No. 1, 20--78 (1993; Zbl 0817.18007)]).