Multipermutation solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation (Q663290)

A set theoretic solution of the Yang-Baxter equation consists of a set \(X\) and a function \(r: X\times X \longrightarrow X\times X\) satisfying the braid relation. As one can easily see that such a set theoretic solution can be linearly extended to a solution of the Yang-Baxter equation over the vector space \(kX\). Associated to a set theoretic solution \((X,r)\) are several algebraic constructions: the semigroup \(S(X,r)\), the group \(G(x,r)\), the quantum space \(k_{R}[V]=kS(X,r)\), and the permutation group \(\mathcal{G}(X,r)\). In the paper under review, the authors study a special class of solutions \((X,r)\) (so called square-free solutions) where \(X\) is a square-free symmetric set of arbitrary cardinality. They propose a construction of \textit{the strongly twisted union of arbitrary set of disjoint solutions \((X_{i}, r_{i})\)} and use it to decompose a solution and construct new solutions via ``gluing''. They show that the group \(\mathcal{G}(X,r)\) acts intransitively on \(X\) whenever \((X,r)\) is a square-free solution with arbitrary cardinality which has either finite multipermutation level or the group \(\mathcal{G}(X,r)\) is abelian; and when \(\mathcal{G}(X,r)\) is indeed abelian, the square-free solution \((X,r)\) is a strongly twisted union of its \(\mathcal{G}(X,r)\)-orbits. They also show that if \((X,r)\) is a square-free solution (of arbitrary cardinality), then the groups \(G(X,r)\) and \(\mathcal{G}(X,r)\) are solvable; and they further determine the upper bounds for the solvable lengths. Finally, they apply these results to study the properties of multipermutation solutions of low level.