Connected quandles of size \(pq\) and \(4p\) (Q2119663)

In this paper, the author study finite quandles such that every proper subquandles is strictly simple and the author call them locally strictly simple (LSS) quandles. Equivalently, LSS quandles are quandles for a height of the lattice of subquandles containing a given element is at most two. Using the results on LSS quandles, the author can provide the classification of two more families of non-affine quandles, namely the classes of non-simple connected quandles of size \(pq\) and \(4p\) where \(p,q\) are primes. In Section 1 the author collect some basic facts about quandles and he shows some preliminary results. In Section 2 of the work, the author characterizes the congruence lattice of non-simple connected LSS quandles and show that this class of quandles coincides with the class of extensions of a strictly simple quandle by a strictly simple quandle. In Section 3, the author study connected non-abelian LSS quandles. In Section 4, he study connected quandles of size \(pq\), where \(p, q\) are different primes. In Section 5, the author study connected quandles of size \(4p\). He classifies all non-simple connected quandles of size \(4p\) and shows that all but a few small exceptions are examples of LSS connected quandles. In Section 6, he studies non connected LSS quandles. In the last Section 7 Appendix, the author studies matrices and representations and collect some basic results about matrices of rank 2 and faithful representations.