\(\mathbb{Z}\)-gradings of full support on the Grassmann algebra (Q2122226)

The Grassmann algebra \(E\) plays a prominent role in the theory of algebras with polynomial identities. It has a canonical grading by the cyclic group of order 2, \(\mathbb{Z}_2\) which makes it the most natural example of a superalgebra. It is important to know what the possible group gradings on \(E\) are. In [\textit{O. M. Di Vincenzo} and \textit{V. Ribeiro Tomaz da Silva}, Linear Algebra Appl. 431, No. 1--2, 56--72 (2009; Zbl 1225.16009)] the authors classified all \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-gradings on \(E\) assuming that the base field is of characteristic 0, and the generating vector space \(L\) of \(E\) is homogeneous in the grading. Recently \textit{A. de A. Guimarães} and the reviewer [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 227, No. 1, Article ID 107166, 20 p. (2023; Zbl 07567655)] studied the analogous problem but without assuming the generating vector space is homogeneous. Additionally \textit{A. de Araújo Guimarães} and the reviewer [Linear Algebra Appl. 617, 190--214 (2021; Zbl 1473.16018)] initiated a study of the \(\mathbb{Z}\)-graded identities of \(E\). A special kind of such gradings is of particular interest, the so-called gradings of full support. The support of such gradings equals the whole grading group. The authors restrict their attention to gradings by \(\mathbb{Z}\) of full support where \(L\) is homogeneous in the grading. Fix a basis of \(L\) and split it into \(r\) disjoint sets of dimensions \(v_1\), \dots, \(v_r\), respectively. Attribute homogeneous degree \(n_1\), \dots, \(n_r\) to the basis vectors from each set, and induce in this way a grading on \(E\). The main results of the paper under review consist in describing the graded polynomial identities for each grading of full support as above, assuming \(r=2\). The authors employ techniques and results from elementary number theory in order to achieve this. They construct, moreover, examples of nonisomorphic such gradings that satisfy the same graded identities. This is the first known example of such a phenomenon when the grading group is infinite. Furthermore the authors introduce the so-called central gradings, and they show that these behave much like the \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-gradings concerning their graded identities.