Unconditional Chebyshev biases in number fields (Q2127189)

Let \(L/K\) be a Galois extension of number fields with Galois group \(G\). For a conjugacy class \(C\subset G\) demote by \(\pi(x;L/K,C)\) the number of unramified prime ideals \(\mathfrak p\) with \(N(\mathfrak p)\le x\) and \(F_{L/K}(\mathfrak p)=C\), \(F_{L/K}\) being the Frobenius map. If \(C_1\ne C_2\) are conjugacy classes then put \[ P_{L/K}(C_1,C_2) =\{x\ge 1:\ |C_2|\pi(x;L/K,C_1)>|C_1|\pi(x;L/K,C_2)\}. \] It has been shown by \textit{N. Ng} [Limiting distributions and zeros of Artin \(L\)-functions. Vancouver: University of British Columbia (PhD Thesis) (2000)] that assuming \textit{GRH}, Artin holomorphy conjecture and the linear independence hypothesis for zeros of Artin \(L\)-functions one can show that the sets \(P_{L/K}(C_1,C_2)\) have logarithmic densities. The authors show that if the extensions \(L/K\) and \(L/Q\) are both Galois with Galois groups \(G\), resp. \(G^+\), \[ \bigcup_{a\in G^+}aC_1a^{-1} = \bigcup_{a\in G^+}aC_2a^{-1}, \] and \[ r_G(g_1) < r_G(g_2), \] where \(g_i\) is a representative of \(C_i\) and \(r_G(g)\) is the number of \(h\in G\) with \(h^2=g\), then all sufficiently large \(x\) lie in \(P_{L/K}(C_1,C_2)\), hence Ng's assertion holds unconditionally, the density being equal to \(1\). They show also that if \(n\ge8\) and \(G^+=S_n\), then there exists a subgroup \(G\) of \(G^+\) and conjugacy classes \(C_1,C_2\) in \(G\) satisfying these conditions.