On the multifractal spectrum of weighted Birkhoff averages (Q2131191)

Let \(\mathcal{A}=\{1,\dots, K\}\) be a finite alphabet and \(\mathbf{A}\) be a \(K\times K\) 0-1 matrix. Denote by \(\Sigma_{\mathbf{A}}\) the associated subshift of finite type and by \(\sigma\) the shift map. It is assumed that \(\Sigma_{\mathbf{A}}\) is \textit{aperiodic and irreducible}, i.e., there is \(r\ge 1\) such that all entries of \(\mathbf{A}^r\) are strictly positive. Let \(\{\phi_i\}_{i=0}^\infty\) be a sequence of real-valued functions on \(\Sigma_{\mathbf{A}}\). For \(\mathbf{i}\in\Sigma_{\mathbf{A}}\), define \[ \overline{A}(\mathbf{i}):= \limsup_{n\to\infty}\frac1n\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}\phi_i(\sigma^i\mathbf{i}) \text{ and } \underline{A}(\mathbf{i}):=\liminf_{n\to\infty}\frac1n\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}\phi_i(\sigma^i\mathbf{i}). \] Given \(\alpha\in\mathbb{R}\), define \[ L_{\mathbf{A}}(\alpha):=\bigl\{\mathbf{i}\in\Sigma_{\mathbf{A}}: \overline{A}(\mathbf{i})=\underline{A}(\mathbf{i})=\alpha\bigr\}, \] whose topological entropy, as a function of \(\alpha\), is referred to as the \textit{topological spectrum of weighted Birkhoff averages}. The authors show that for any sequence \(\{\phi_i\}_{i=0}^\infty\) of uniformly equicontinuous potential functions, we have: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] The map \(\alpha\mapsto h_{\mathrm{top}}\bigl(L_{\mathbf{A}}(\alpha)\bigr)\) is continuous and concave over its domain; \item[2.] If the the domain of the map \(\alpha\mapsto h_{\mathrm{top}}\bigl(L_{\mathbf{A}}(\alpha)\bigr)\) is a nondegenerate interval, or equivalently, \[ D:=\left\{\mathbf{i}\in\Sigma_{\mathbf{A}}: \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac1n\sum_{i=0}^{n-1}\phi_i(\sigma^i\mathbf{i}) \text{ does not exist}\right\} \] is nonempty, then \[ h_{\mathrm{top}}(D)=h_{\mathrm{top}}(\Sigma_{\mathbf{A}}). \] \end{itemize} Furthermore, in case of typical weights with respect to some ergodic quasi-Bernoulli measure, the authors provide explicit formulas for the spectrum. In case of full shift and under the assumption that the potentials depend only on the first coordinate, it is shown that their result is applicable for regular weights, like Möbius sequences.