Necessary and sufficient conditions for the spectra of the Sturm-Liouville operators with frozen argument (Q2135696)

The author settles down the open question of characterizing the spectra of all Sturm-Liouville problems with frozen coefficients \[ \left\{ \begin{array}{ll}-y^{\prime\prime}(x,\lambda)+q(x) y(a,\lambda)=\lambda y(x,\lambda) \quad 0<x<\pi \\ y^{(\alpha)}(0,\lambda)=y^{(\beta)}(\pi,\lambda)=0 \end{array} \right. \tag{\(\ast\)} \] where \(a\in [0, \pi],\; q\in L^{2}(0,\pi)\), and \(\alpha, \beta\in\{0,1\}\). It is shown that for \(\{\lambda_{n}\}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}\) to be the spectrum of \((\ast)\), it is necessary and sufficient that \[ \lambda_{n}=z_{n}^{2}+\nu_{n}\varphi_{\alpha}(a z_{n}), \] where \( \{\nu_{n}\}_{n\in \mathbb{N}}\in\ell^{2}\), \(z_{n}=n-\frac{\alpha+\beta}{2}\) and \[ \varphi_{\alpha}(x)=\begin{cases}\sin(x),\quad \alpha=0 \\ \cos(x), \quad \alpha=1.\end{cases} \]