Integral Schur-Weyl duality for partition algebras (Q2136410)

The authors consider the partition algebra over a general commutative ring \(\mathbf{k}\) with unit \(1\). It is well-known that the partition algebra admits a Schur-Weyl duality with the Weyl group of the general linear group when \(\mathbf{k}=\mathbb{C}\), see~[\textit{T. Halverson} and \textit{A. Ram}, Eur. J. Comb. 26, No. 6, 869--921 (2005; Zbl 1112.20010)]. In this paper, the authors show that Schur-Weyl duality holds for the non-semisimple situations, that is for general commutative rings. Let \(\mathrm{V}\) be a free \(\mathbf{k}\)-module of rank \(n\) and denote by \(W_n\) the Weyl group of \(\operatorname{GL}(\mathrm{V})\). The partition algebra \(\mathcal{P}_r(n)\) acts on the right on \(\mathrm{V}^{\otimes r}\) and the group algebra \(\mathbf{k} W_n\) acts on the left on \(\mathrm{V}^{\otimes r}\) making it a \((\mathbf{k}W_n, \mathcal{P}_r(n))\)-bimodule. The main result of the paper is the following. The centraliser algebras \(\operatorname{End}_{\mathcal{P}_r(n)}(\mathrm{V}^{\otimes r})\) and \(\operatorname{End}_{W_n}(\mathrm{V}^{\otimes r})\) coincide with the images of the representations \(\mathbf{k} W_n \to \operatorname{End}_{\mathbf{k}}(\mathrm{V}^{\otimes r})\) and \(\mathcal{P}_r(n)^{\mathrm{op}}\to \operatorname{End}_{\mathbf{k}}(\mathrm{V}^{\otimes r})\), respectively. The similar result for the pair \((\mathbf{k}W_{n-1}, \mathcal{P}_{r+1/2}(n))\) with the half-partition algebra is also proven. The proof proceeds in a combinatorial manner by using the existence of extensions and decompositions of invariants. Examples provided through the paper to follow the arguments greatly enhanced the readability of the paper. Another proof of the result using different techniques was given later by \textit{S. Donkin} [J. Algebra 591, 249--288 (2022; Zbl 07428723)]. An application of this Schur-Weyl duality is to prove that the centraliser algebras \(\operatorname{End}_{\mathcal{P}_r(n)}(\mathrm{V}^{\otimes r})\) and \(\operatorname{End}_{\mathcal{P}_{r+1/2}(n))}(\mathrm{V}^{\otimes r})\) are cellular algebras in the sense of Graham and Lehrer [Invent. Math. 123, No. 1, 1--34 (1996; Zbl 0853.20029)]. The authors prove this in [Represent. Theory 26, 437--454 (2022; Zbl 07503377)]. The fact that \(\operatorname{End}_{W_n}(\mathrm{V}^{\otimes r})\) is cellular is proven in [\textit{S. Donkin}, J. Algebra 572, 36--59 (2021; Zbl 1483.20086)].