Semiorthogonality of geometric polynomials (Q2136532)

Geometric polynomials are also termed as Fubini polynomials which is most commonly used in literature. Special polynomials and numbers have significant roles in various branches of mathematics, theoretical physics, and engineering. The problems arising in mathematical physics and engineering are framed in terms of differential equations. Most of these equations can only be treated by using various families of special polynomials which provide new means of mathematical analysis. They are widely used in computational models of scientific and engineering problems. In addition, these special polynomials allow the derivation of different useful identities in a straightforward way and help in introducing new families of special polynomials. The Fubini-type polynomials (or geometric-type polynomials) appear in combinatorial mathematics and play an important role in the theory and applications of mathematics, thus many number theory and combinatorics experts have extensively studied their properties and obtained series of interesting results. The Fubini-type numbers and polynomials are related Bernoulli numbers with diverse extensions and proven to be an effective tool in different topics in combinatorics and analysis. In the related paper, the authors have examined the semiorthogonality of Fubini and higher order Fubini polynomials. They showed that the integrals of products of the higher order Fubini polynomials can be evaluated in terms of Bernoulli numbers, which means that the higher order geometric polynomials are also semiorthogonal. As applications, they have given some new explicit formulas for Bernoulli and \(p\)-Bernoulli numbers.