Real torus actions on real affine algebraic varieties (Q2137859)

Let \((\mathbb{T},\tau)\) be a real torus then we note that \(\mathbb{R}\)-group structure \(\tau\) on a complex torus corresponds to a lattice involution \(\tilde{\tau}\) on its character lattice \(M:=\mathrm{Hom}_{gr}(\mathbb{T},\mathbb{G}_{m,\mathbb{C}})\). For an action of \((\mathbb{T},\tau)\) on an affine \(\mathbb{R}\)-variety \((X,\sigma)\) the authors construct a \(\mathbb{T}\)-equivariant closed imersion \(X\hookrightarrow\mathbb{A}^n_{\mathbb{C}}\) which is also \(\mathrm{Gal}(\mathbb{C}/\mathbb{R})\)-equivariant and prove in Proposition \(4.1\) for an affine \(\mathbb{C}\)-variety \(X\) with an action of \(\mathbb{T}\) if the real torus \((\mathbb{T},\tau)\) acts on \((X,\sigma)\) where \(\tau\) is an \(\mathbb{R}\) group structure on \(\mathbb{T}\) and \(\sigma\) is an \(\mathbb{R}\)-structure on \(X\) then there exists \(n\geq \dim(\mathbb{T})\) such that the following holds \begin{itemize} \item There exists an \(\mathbb{R}\)-structure \(\tau'\) on \(G^n_{m,\mathbb{C}}\) that extends to an \(\mathbb{R}\)-structure \(\sigma'\) on \(\mathbb{A}^n_{\mathbb{C}}\). \item \((\mathbb{T},\tau)\) is a closed subgroup of \((G^n_{m,\mathbb{C}},\tau')\). \item \((X,\sigma)\) is a closed subvariety of \((\mathbb{A}^n_{\mathbb{C}},\sigma)\) and \((X,\sigma)\hookrightarrow(\mathbb{A}^n_{\mathbb{C}},\sigma')\) is \((\mathbb{T},\tau)\)-equivariant. \end{itemize} \textit{K. Altmann} and \textit{J. Hausen} [Math. Ann. 334, No. 3, 557--607 (2006; Zbl 1193.14060)] showed that a normal affine variety with an effective torus action over an algebraically closed field of characteristics zero is determined by a geometrico-combinatorial datum on a rational quotient of the action. In the present paper, the authors prove real analogs of the main results of the above-mentioned paper. Let \(\omega\) be a full dimensional subcone in \(M_{\mathbb{Q}}\), \((Y,\sigma_Y)\) a semi-projective algebraic \(\mathbb{R}\)-variety and let \(\mathcal{D}=\sum \Delta_i\otimes D_i\) be a proper polyhedral divisor on \(Y\), where \(D_i\) are prime divisors on \(Y\) and \(\Delta_i\) are convex polyhedra in \(N_{\mathbb{Q}}\) having \(\omega\) as tail cone, where \(N\) is the co-character lattice. For every \(m\in \omega\cap M\) one can define a Weil \(\mathbb{Q}\)-divisor \(\mathcal{D}(m):=\sum\min\{<m|\Delta_i>\}\otimes D_i\). Let \(A[Y,\mathcal{D}]:=\bigoplus_{m\in {\omega_N}^{\vee}\cap M}H^{0}(Y,\mathcal{O}_Y(\mathcal{D}(m)))\mathscr{X}_m\subset C(Y)[M]\) where \(\mathscr{X}_m\) is an indeterminant of weight \(m\). We denote the associated \(\mathbb{T}\)-scheme by \(X[Y,\mathcal{D}]:=\mathrm{Spec}(A[Y,\mathcal{D}])\). Then in Theorem \(4.3\) the authors prove that if there exists a monoid morphism \(h:\omega\cap M\to \mathbb{C}(Y)^*\) satisfying \(\sigma_Y^*(\mathcal{D}(m))=\mathcal{D}(\tilde{\tau} (m))+\operatorname{div}_Y(h(\tilde{\tau} (m))\) for all \(m\in\omega\cap M\), then there exists an \(\mathbb{R}\)-structure \(\sigma_{X[Y,\mathcal{D}]}\) on the normal affine variety \(X[Y,\mathcal{D}]\) such that the real torus \((\mathbb{T},\tau)\) acts on the \(\mathbb{R}\)-variety \((X[Y,\mathcal{D}],\sigma_{X[Y,\mathcal{D}]})\). The authors prove the converse result also. In particular the authors prove in Theorem \(4.6\) that given a normal affine \(\mathbb{R}\)-variety \((X,\sigma_X)\) with a \((\mathbb{T},\tau)\)-action with cone \(\omega_N\subset N_{\mathbb{Q}}\) dual to the weight cone \(\omega_M\). There exists a normal semi-projective \(\mathbb{R}\)-variety \((Y,\sigma_Y)\), a proper polyhedral divisor \(\mathcal{D}\) on \(Y\) and a monoid morphism \(h:\omega\cap M\to \mathbb{C}(Y)^*\) satisfying \(\sigma_Y^*(\mathcal{D}(m))=\mathcal{D}(\tilde{\tau} (m))+\operatorname{div}_Y(h(\tilde{\tau} (m)))\) and \(h(m)\sigma^\#_Y(h(\tilde{\tau}(m)))=1\) for all \(m\in\omega\cap M\) such that the affine varieties \((X,\sigma_X)\) and \((X[Y,\mathcal{D}],\sigma_{X[Y,\mathcal{D}])}\) are \((\mathbb{T},\tau)\)-equivariantly isomorphic.