The Willmore center of mass of initial data sets (Q2141022)

In this paper the authors refine the Lyapunov-Schmidt analysis from a previous work to study the geometric center of mass of the asymptotic foliation by area-constrained Willmore surfaces of initial data for the Einstein field equations. If the scalar curvature of the initial data vanishes at infinity, they show that this geometric center of mass agrees with the Hamiltonian center of mass. On the other hand, the geometric center of mass may differ from the Hamiltonian center of mass if the scalar curvature does not satisfy additional asymptotic symmetry assumptions.