On the \(C^1\) and \(C^2\)-convergence to weak K.A.M. solutions (Q2142984)

The authors consider weak solutions of stationary Hamilton-Jacobi equations of the form \(H(x,q) = c\) on a closed manifold of dimension \(d\). While it is known that classical solutions of this equation are generating functions of Lagrangian manifolds that are invariant under the Hamiltonian flow, often such classical solutions do not exist. Viscosity solutions (introduced in [\textit{M. Crandall} and \textit{P.-L. Lions}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 277, No. 1, 1--42 (1983; Zbl 0599.35024)]) can provide generalized solutions that require only weak hypotheses on the Hamiltonian. \textit{H. A. Fathi} [C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. I Math. 324, No. 9, 1043--1046 (1997; Zbl 0885.58022]) proved a KAM theorem that allowed weak solutions, and later showed that these weak solutions were actually viscosity solutions. These weak solutions are fixed points of the Lax-Oleinik semigroup. The authors explore problems of the \(C^1\) and \(C^2\) convergence of approximate solutions for the Lax-Oleinik semigroup on a closed manifold. This includes consideration of the dependence of weak KAM solutions on the cohomology class, the convergence of the discounted solution, and the convergence of the Lax-Oleinik semigroup to a weak KAM solution (the idea of a so-called ``discounted solution'' is described in [\textit{A. Davini} et al., Invent. Math. 206, No. 1, 29--55 (2016; Zbl 1362.35094)]). They prove some weak \(C^2\) convergence results for these classes of approximate solutions. The authors use the concept of upper Green regular solutions to the Lax-Oleinik semigroup defined on the set of \(C^0\) functions of a closed manifold to identify appropriate weak solutions. They also provide an example that is not upper Green regular with \(C^1\) convergence but not convergence in measure of the second derivatives.