Aubry-Mather theory for conformally symplectic systems (Q2406840)

This paper considers conformally symplectic systems in the context of Aubry-Mather theory. A conformally symplectic system has flows that do not preserve the symplectic structure, but modify it by a constant factor (a scale factor \(\lambda\) such that \({\mathcal L}_X\omega= \lambda\omega\), where \({\mathcal L}_X\) is the Lie derivative of the vector field \(X\) and \(\omega\) is the symplectic form). Such systems are dissipative, and can arise, for example, in mechanical systems whose dissipation is proportional to velocity. The authors aim to develop analogues of Aubry-Mather theory for these systems. Their main result is the following: if \(M\) is a finite-dimensional compact, connected and smooth Riemannian manifold without boundary, \(H: T^*M\to\mathbb{R}\) is a Tonelli Hamiltonian, and \(X_{H,\lambda}\) is the exact conformally symplectic vector field for \(\lambda>0\), then there is a non-empty compact invariant set \(A_{H,\lambda}\), the Aubry set for \(X_{H,\lambda}\), and a non-empty compact, invariant and recurrent set \(M_{H,\lambda}\), the associated Mather set. These sets \(A_{H,\lambda}\) and \(M_{H,\lambda}\) have properties analogous to the conventional Aubry and Mather sets in conservative systems. The authors conclude with examples that include integrable conformal symplectic vector fields, a dissipative pendulum, and a Mañe-like conformally symplectic vector field.