Homological splitting results for modules over Leibniz algebras (Q2144376)

Recall that \textit{Leibniz algebras} are not-necessarily-antisymmetric generalizations of Lie algebras (always considered over a field), namely a right Leibniz algebra \({\mathfrak g}\) is a vector space carrying a bracket \([,]\) such that for all \(x,y,z\in{\mathfrak g}\), we have \[ [x,[y,z]]=[[x,y],z]-[[x,z],y]. \] Any Leibniz algebra \({\mathfrak g}\) contains an \textit{ideal of squares}, generated by the \([x,x]\) for \(x\in{\mathfrak g}\) such that the quotient \({\mathfrak g}_{\mathrm{Lie}}\) is a Lie algebra. A \textit{Leibniz \({\mathfrak g}\)-bimodule} is a vector space \(M\) with left and right operations by \({\mathfrak g}\) satisfying for all \(x,y\in{\mathfrak g}\) and all \(m\in M\) \begin{itemize} \item[(a)] \(m\cdot[x,y]=(m\cdot x)\cdot y - (m\cdot y)\cdot x\), \item[(b)] \(x\cdot(m\cdot y) = (x\cdot m)\cdot y)-[x,y]\cdot m\), \item[(c)] \(x\cdot(y\cdot m) = [x,y]\cdot m - (x\cdot m)\cdot y\). \end{itemize} For a given right \({\mathfrak g}_{\mathrm{Lie}}\)-module \(M\), there are two ways of obtaining a Leibniz \({\mathfrak g}\)-bimodule, namely the antisymmetric version \(M^a\) where \(x\cdot m=0\), and the symmetric version \(M^s\), where \(x\cdot m=-m\cdot x\). These notions have been invented and studied thoroughly by Loday and Pirashvili. In particular, in [\textit{J.-L. Loday} and \textit{T. Pirashvili}, J. Algebra 181, No. 2, 414--425 (1996; Zbl 0855.17018)], they study the category of (finite dimensional) bimodules over a (finite dimensional complex) simple Lie algebra, viewed as a Leibniz algebra. The main result has been adapted to (finite dimensional complex) simple Leibniz algebras in [\textit{J. Mugniéry} and the reviewer, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 225, No. 6, Article ID 106637, 16 p. (2021; Zbl 1477.17031)]. It emphasized the role of classes \[ [{\mathcal E}_l^{\mathfrak g}(N)]\,\,\in\,\,\mathrm{Ext}_{UL({\mathfrak g})}^1(N^s, (N\otimes {\mathfrak g}^{\downarrow})^a), \] and \[ [{\mathcal E}_r^{\mathfrak g}(N)]\,\,\in\,\,\mathrm{Ext}_{UL({\mathfrak g})}^1( \mathrm{Hom}( {\mathfrak g}^{\downarrow},N)^s,N^a). \] Here the functor \(M\mapsto M^{\downarrow}\) is the restriction functor, sending a Leibniz \({\mathfrak g}\)-bimodule \(M\) to the underlying right \({\mathfrak g}_{\mathrm{Lie}}\)-module \(M^{\downarrow}\). The present article studies in detail these classes and puts them into a conceptual framework, namely the author shows that the two classes induce distinguished triangles in the derived category of right \({\mathfrak g}_{\mathrm{Lie}}\)-modules. Setting up the framework of the study, the author constructs with all necessary details the left and right adjoint functors of the functors \(N\mapsto N^s\) and \(N\mapsto N^a\), as well as their derived functors (constructing explicit resolutions). An interesting point in these constructions is notably the role of the Kurdiani involution (acting as \(r_x\mapsto -r_x\) and \(l_x\mapsto r_x+l_x\) in the universal enveloping algebra \(UL({\mathfrak g})\) constructed by Loday-Pirashvili) and its use in duality. In the end of the article, it is shown how to apply these results in order to compute extensions for a general Leibniz algebra, extending the results of Loday-Pirashvili and Mugniéry-Wagemann.