Atkin-Lehner theory for Drinfeld modular forms and applications (Q2146490)

Let \(F=\mathbb{F}_q(t)\) with \(q=p^r\) a power of a prime \(p\). Let \(A=\mathbb{F}[t]\) and, for any ideal \(\mathfrak{m}=(\pi)\) of \(A\), put \[ \Gamma_0(\mathfrak{m}):=\left\{M\in \mathrm{GL}_2(A)\,:\,M\equiv \begin{pmatrix} * & * \\ 0 & * \end{pmatrix} \pmod{\mathfrak{m}} \right\}. \] For any \(k\in \mathbb{N}\) and \(m\in \mathbb{Z}/(q-1)\), denote by \(S_{k,m}(\mathfrak{m})\) the \(\mathbb{C}_\infty\)-vector space of Drinfeld cusp forms of weight \(k\), type \(m\) and level \(\mathfrak{m}\) (i.e., invariant for \(\Gamma_0(\mathfrak{m})\)), where \(\mathbb{C}_\infty\) is the completion of an algebraic closure of \(\mathbb{F}_q\left(\left(\frac{1}{t}\right)\right)\). The paper generalizes some results of the author's previous works on the structure of \(S_{k,m}(\mathfrak{m})\). Fix a prime \(\mathfrak{p}=(P)\) of \(A\) which does not divide \(\mathfrak{m}\), then \(\mathfrak{p}\)-oldforms in \(S_{k,m}(\mathfrak{m}\mathfrak{p})\) are those arising from level \(\mathfrak{m}\), while \(\mathfrak{p}\)-newforms were defined as those in the kernel of the trace \(\mathrm{Tr}\) and of the twisted trace \(\mathrm{Tr}'\) from \(S_{k,m}(\mathfrak{m}\mathfrak{p})\) to \(S_{k,m}(\mathfrak{m})\) (where \(\mathrm{Tr}'=\mathrm{Tr}\circ \begin{pmatrix} 0 & -1 \\ \pi P & 0 \end{pmatrix}\)). The author considers different twists using Atkin-Lehner involutions \(W^{\mathfrak{mp}}_\mathfrak{d}=\begin{pmatrix} \delta a & b \\ \pi P c & \delta d \end{pmatrix}\) for ideals \((\delta)=\mathfrak{d} || \mathfrak{mp}\), \(a,b,c,d\in A\) with \(\delta^2ad-\pi Pbc= \zeta \delta\) for some \(\zeta\in \mathbb{F}_q^*\), and provides an equivalent definition of newforms as \(\mathrm{Ker} (\mathrm{Tr}) \bigcap \mathrm{Ker} (\mathrm{Tr}\circ W^{\mathfrak{mp}}_{\mathfrak{p}})\). This, together with the commutativity between the involutions and the Hecke operators, leads to a full generalization of all formulas of the reviewer and \textit{M. Valentino} [Exp. Math. 31, No. 2, 637--651 (2022: Zbl 07566908)] (which were proved for \(\mathfrak{m}=(1)\) and \(\mathfrak{p}=(t)\)): in particular it provides the equivalence between the direct sum decomposition \[ S_{k,m}(\mathfrak{mp}) = S_{k,m}^{\mathfrak{p}-old}(\mathfrak{mp})\oplus S_{k,m}^{\mathfrak{p}-new}(\mathfrak{mp}) \] and the bijectivity of the map \(\mathrm{Id}-P^{k-2m}(\mathrm{Tr}\circ W^{\mathfrak{mp}}_{\mathfrak{p}})^2\). In the final section the author shows how to use these formulas and Eisenstein series of weight \(q^e-1\) and type 0 to build \(\mathfrak{p}\)-adic modular forms of level \(\mathfrak{m}\) (generalizing the work of \textit{C. Vincent} [J. Number Theory 142, 18--43 (2014: Zbl 1295.11049)] for forms of level 1).