Complete Lagrangian self-shrinkers in \(\mathbb{R}^4\) (Q2152838)

In this article the authors study Lagrangian self-shrinkers for the mean curvature flow in the Euclidean space \(\mathbb{R}^4\). The mean curvature flow in \(\mathbb{R}^4\) is given by the differential equation \[ \frac{\partial}{\partial t} X_t(p)=H_{X_t}(p), \quad p \in M, t \in [0,T) \] where \((X_t)_{t \in [0,T)}\) is a \(C^1\)-family of submanifolds \(X_t:M \to \mathbb{R}^4\), and \(H_{X_t}(p)\) denotes the mean curvature vector of the submanifold \(X_t\) at the point \(X_t(p) \in \mathbb{R}^4\), i.e., the trace of the second fundamental form at \(p\). Recall that a Lagrangian self-shrinker for the mean curvature flow in \(\mathbb{R}^4\) is a 2-dimensional submanifold \(X:M \to \mathbb{R}^4\) satisfying that: \begin{itemize} \item it is a Lagrangian submanifold, i.e. for every \(p \in M\) the tangent space \(T_p M \subset \mathbb{R}^4\) satisfies \(J(T_pM)=(T_pM)^{\perp}\), being \(J\) the standard complex structure of \(\mathbb{R}^4\). \item it is a self-shrinker for the mean curvature flow, i.e. \(H + X^{\perp}=0\), with \(H\) the mean curvature vector of \(X\), and \(X^{\perp}\) the normal component of the position vector \(X\) measured from the origin of \(\mathbb{R}^4\). \end{itemize} In this paper, the authors obtain a full classification of complete Lagrangian self-shrinkers in \(\mathbb{R}^4\) \textit{assuming that the second fundamental form has constant norm}. In that case, their main result is: \textbf{Theorem:} Any complete Lagrangian self-shrinker (for the mean curvature flow) in \(\mathbb{R}^4\) and with second fundamental form of constant norm, is one of the following: \begin{itemize} \item a plane \(\mathbb{R}^2\) \item a cylinder \(\mathbb{S}^1 \times \mathbb{R}\) \item a flat torus \(\mathbb{S}^1 \times \mathbb{S}^1\). \end{itemize} As the authors point out, their assumption that the second fundamental form has constant norm is indispensable: they give examples of complete Lagrangian self-shrinkers that are none of the above (of course, not having second fundamental form of constant norm). Since no compactness assumption is made, the authors have to work with estimates coming from maximum principle techniques. Detailed computations are given for the needed estimates in order to prove their main result.