On integrability and linearizability of persistent \(p:- q\) resonant systems (Q2154410)

This paper considers differential systems in \(\mathbb{C}^2\) with a \(p:-q\) resonant elementary singular point, i.e., \[ \dot{x} = p x + P(x, y),\ \dot{y} = -q y + Q(x, y), \tag{1} \] where \(p, q \in \mathbb{N}\), \(\mathrm{gcd}(p,q) = 1\) and \(P(x,y)\), \(Q(x,y)\) are polynomials. The singular point \(O\) of (1) is a \(p:-q\) resonant center if there exists a local analytic first integral of the form \[ \Psi(x, y) = x^q y^p + \sum_{j+k\geq p+q+1, j, k \geq 1} \varphi_{j-q, k-p} x^j y^k. \] The origin \(O\) is a (weakly) persistent \(p:-q\) resonant center of (1) if it is a \(p:-q\) resonant center of the system \[ \dot{x} = p x + \lambda P(x, y), \ \dot{y} = -q y + \mu Q(x, y) \tag{2} \] for all \(\lambda, \mu \in \mathbb{C}\) (\(\lambda = \mu \in \mathbb{C}\)). This paper defines the linearizability of a persistent \(p:-q\) resonant center and explains the relationship between a \(p:-q\) resonant system and the corresponding persistent \(p:-q\) resonant system in terms of integrability and linearizability problems. The results are demonstrated with examples of quadratic nonlinearities for \(p=1\), \(q=2\) and \(p=2, q = 3\).