Symplectic and supersymmetric Schur Q-functions, universal characters and integrable hierarchies (Q2154617)

Schur \(Q\)-functions are analogues of the well-studied Schur functions, which arise in combinatorics, representation theory, and other fields. Elementary Schur \(Q\)-functions are polynomials defined by a generating series and in general, given a strict partition, a Schur \(Q\)-function is a polynomial that can be expressed as the Pffafian of elementary Schur \(Q\)-functions. Additionally, one can define a symplectic analogue of Schur \(Q\)-functions. This paper shows that symplectic Schur \(Q\)-functions can be realized by the action of the modes of certain vertex operators on the function \(1\) and can be written as a linear sum of Schur \(Q\)-functions Conversely, Schur \(Q\)-functions can be written as an algebraic sum of symplectic Schur \(Q\)-functions. Furthermore, this paper constructs supersymmetric Schur \(Q\)-functions, which are used to obtain integrable systems. Lastly, the authors extend supersymmetric Schur \(Q\)-functions to a two-parameter function that they call the \(B\)-type supersymmetric universal character.