Oscillations in the Goldbach conjecture (Q2155608)

On the Riemann hypothesis (RH) it is known that \[ \sum_{n\le x}\sum_{a+b=n}\Lambda(n)\Lambda(n)=\frac{x^2}{2}-4x^{3/2}G(x)+O(x^{1+\varepsilon}), \] where \(\Lambda\) is the von Mangoldt function and \(G(x)\) is the real part of the sum \[ \sum_{\gamma>0}\frac{x^{i\gamma}}{(\frac 12+i\gamma)(\frac 32+i\gamma)} \] over the ordinates \(\gamma\) of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function in the upper half-plane. The above formula is studied in connection with Goldbach's conjecture. Under the assumption of RH, the authors prove that \(|G(x)|<0.023059\) for all \(x>0\), and each of the inequalities \(G(x)<-0.022978\) and \(G(x)>0.021030\) holds infinitely often. Further, they establish an improvement on the latter bound under an assumption of linearly independence for zeros of the zeta function. Such bounds are very close to optimal.