Oscillations in the Goldbach conjecture

DOI10.5802/JTNB.1202MaRDI QIDQ2155608zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Michael J. Mossinghoff, Timothy S. Trudgian

Publication date 15 July 2022

Published in Journal de Théorie des Nombres de Bordeaux (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.14742

zbMATH Keywords

Goldbach conjectureHardy-Littlewood conjecturesoscillationsRiemann hypothesissimultaneous approximation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inhomogeneous linear forms (11J20) Nonreal zeros of (zeta (s)) and (L(s, chi)); Riemann and other hypotheses (11M26) Goldbach-type theorems; other additive questions involving primes (11P32) Analytic computations (11Y35)

Abstract: Let $R(n)=su{m}_{a+b=n}Lambda(a)Lambda(b)$, where $Lambda(cdot)$ is the von Mangoldt function. The function $R(n)$ is often studied in connection with Goldbach's conjecture. On the Riemann hypothesis (RH) it is known that $su{m}_{nleqx}R(n)=x^2/2-4x^{3/2}G(x)+O(x^{1+epsilon})$, where $G(x)=Resu{m}_{gamma>0}frac{x}^{igamma}(frac12+igamma)(frac32+igamma)$ and the sum is over the ordinates of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function in the upper half-plane. We prove (on RH) that each of the inequalities $G(x)<-0.02093$ and $G(x)>0.02092$ hold infinitely often, and establish improved bounds under an assumption of linearly independence for zeros of the zeta function. We also show that the bounds we obtain are very close to optimal.

Review text

On the Riemann hypothesis (RH) it is known that \[ \sum_{n\le x}\sum_{a+b=n}\Lambda(n)\Lambda(n)=\frac{x^2}{2}-4x^{3/2}G(x)+O(x^{1+\varepsilon}), \] where \(\Lambda\) is the von Mangoldt function and \(G(x)\) is the real part of the sum \[ \sum_{\gamma>0}\frac{x^{i\gamma}}{(\frac 12+i\gamma)(\frac 32+i\gamma)} \] over the ordinates \(\gamma\) of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function in the upper half-plane. The above formula is studied in connection with Goldbach's conjecture. Under the assumption of RH, the authors prove that \(|G(x)|<0.023059\) for all \(x>0\), and each of the inequalities \(G(x)<-0.022978\) and \(G(x)>0.021030\) holds infinitely often. Further, they establish an improvement on the latter bound under an assumption of linearly independence for zeros of the zeta function. Such bounds are very close to optimal.

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Cited in

(6)

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