Tropical mirror symmetry in dimension one (Q2155673)

In this article, the authors present a tropical mirror symmetry theorem for elliptic curves. More precisely, they show that the generating series of tropical stationary descendant Gromov-Witten invariants is given by a Feynman integral. This expands on previous work [\textit{J. Böhm} et al., J. Reine Angew. Math. 732, 211--246 (2017; Zbl 1390.14191)], where the case of all powers of psi-conditions being 1 (and thus the Gromov-Witten invariants being Hurwitz numbers) was treated. Also, since tropical and classical GW invariants coincide (correspondence theorem) the tropical theorem gives a new proof for the classical mirror symmetry theorem for elliptic curves. To prove their main theorem, the authors identify the coefficients of the Feynman integral with the GW-invariants directly. They also present an alternative proof for the special case of Hurwitz numbers, which passes through \emph{matrix elements}, i.e. elements of the bosonic Fock space. Additionally, the article gives many examples illustrating the definitions. The \textit{tropical Gromov-Witten invariants} of interest in this paper are \begin{itemize} \item The weighted count of tropical covers \(\Gamma \to E_\mathbb{T}\) of degree \(d\), where \(\Gamma\) is of genus \(g\), \(E_\mathbb{T}\) is a tropical elliptic curve, and there are \(n\) specified point and psi-conditions of power \(k_i\). This number is denoted \(\langle \tau_{k_1}(pt) \cdots \tau_{k_n}(pt)\rangle^{E, d, trop}_{g, n}\). \item If additionally the combinatorial type of the contributing covers is fixed to a given Feynman graph \(\Gamma\) with vertex genera \(\underline{g}\), and if the multidegrees \(\underline{a}\) are fixed over each edge, then one obtains the finer invariant \(\langle \tau_{k_1}(pt) \cdots \tau_{k_n}(pt)\rangle^{E, \underline{a}, trop}_{\Gamma, n}\). \end{itemize} Now a \textit{Feynman integral} \(I_{\Gamma, \underline{g}}(q)\) is a formal power series in the variable \(q\) which is build from pieces that are assembled according to the combinatorics of \((\Gamma, \underline{g})\). Mirror symmetry for elliptic curves states that \[ \sum_{d \geq 1} \langle \tau_{k_1}(pt) \cdots \tau_{k_n}(pt)\rangle^{E, d}_{g, n} q^d = \sum_{(\Gamma, \underline{g})} (\text{automorphism factor}) I_{\Gamma, \underline{g}}(q) \] holds for the classical GW invariants. The tropical mirror symmetry theorem presented in this article holds on a finer level: namely we may fix a combinatorial type \((\Gamma, \underline{g})\) and use separate formal variables \(q_1, \ldots, q_r\) for each edge in \(\Gamma\). Then \[ \sum_{\underline{a} \in \mathbb{N}^r} \langle \tau_{k_1}(pt) \cdots \tau_{k_n}(pt) \rangle^{E, \underline{a}, trop}_{\Gamma, n} q_1^{a_1} \cdots q_r^{a_r} = I_{\Gamma, \underline{g}}(q_1, \ldots, q_r). \] For the proof, the authors in fact fix even slightly more data on both sides and then show that the GW invariants on the left equal the coefficients of the Feynman integral in the right. For the alternative proof of the tropical mirror symmetry theorem recall that the \textit{bosonic Fock space} \(F\) is generated by the operation of an algebra \(\mathcal{H}\) of operators on a single generator \(v_\emptyset\). Each element \(A \in \mathcal{H}\) gives rise to a \emph{matrix element} in \(F\) and it is known that relative GW invariants of \(\mathbb{P}^1\) can be expressed by matrix elements. Tropically, one can move between relative invariants of \(\mathbb{P}^1\) and invariants of the elliptic curve \(E\) by cutting/ gluing the coverings at infinity. To accommodate the possible choices in the gluing procedure, the authors refine the definition of the Fock space by adding more operators to \(\mathcal{H}\), corresponding to labeling the ends over \(\pm \infty\) in the tropical projective line. This then allows to express \(\langle \tau_1(pt)^n \rangle^{E, \underline{a}, trop}_{\Gamma, n}\) again by matrix elements. Finally, introducing formal variables in the matrix elements turns the GW invariant into a coefficient of a formal power series. This is identified with the corresponding coefficient in the Feynman integrals, thus achieving the second poof of the main theorem.