On the differentiability of the solutions of translation equation (Q2156070)

Let \(I\subset \mathbb{R}\) be a nondegenerate interval and \(F\colon I\times \mathbb{R}\to I\) be a mapping. The functional equation \[ F(F(x, t), s) = F(x, t + s)\tag{1} \] is called the translation equation. The main aim of the author is to investigate the differentiability of the solutions of (1). This problem is motivated by the following: the continuous solution \(F\) of this equation with the condition \(F(x, 0) = x\) for \(x\in I\) defines a dynamical system, a concept that generalizes the theory of initial value problems. In this regard \(F(x, t)\) is, as a function of the variable \(t\), the integral of a differential equation. Thus in this case \(F\) is differentiable with respect to the second variable. Further, if \(F\) is a differentiable solution of the translation equation (1), then \(F\) also solves the so-called Jabotinsky equations, i.e., \[ \begin{array}{lll} && F_{t}(x, t)=F_{x}(x, t)F_{t}(x, 0),\\ &&F_{t}(x, t)= F_{t}(F_{t}(x, t), 0),\\ &&F_{x}(x, t)F_{t}(x, 0)= F_{t}(F_{t}(x, t), 0). \end{array} \] At first the author investigates the differentiability of the solutions of (1) with respect to the variable \(t\), and after that with respect to the variable \(x\). As a result, he concludes that if a non-constant solution \(F\) of (1) is continuous with respect to \(t\) for every \(x\in I\) and \(F(x, 0)\) is differentiable, then \(F\) is a dynamical system. Finally, the last section of the paper is devoted to the stability problem of (1).