Classifying the irreducible components of moduli stacks of torsion free sheaves on \(K3\) surfaces and an application to Brill-Noether theory (Q2159366)

This article studies the irreducible components of moduli stacks of rank 2 torsion free sheaves over K3 surfaces with Picard number 1, after the work [\textit{C. H. Walter}, Math. Ann. 301, No. 4, 699--715 (1995; Zbl 0820.14029)] for ruled surfaces. Let \(v\) be the Mukai vector and let \(\langle v, v'\rangle\) be the Mukai pairing (see Section 2.1 for definitions). Let \(\mathcal{M}^{tf}(v)\) be the moduli stack of torsion free sheaves with Mukai vector \(v\) and let \(\mathcal{M}_{(v_1, v_2)}^{HN}(v)\) be the substack of those sheaves with Harder-Narasimhan filtration \(0\subset E_1\subset E\), where the Mukai vectors of \(E_1\) and \(E/E_1\) are \(v_1\), \(v_2\), respectively. Theorem 1.1 (proved in section 3) shows that if \(v=mv_0\), \(v_0\) being primitive, \(\mathcal{M}^{tf}(v)\) decomposes into irreducible components coming from closures of semistable sheaves joint with the closures of \(\mathcal{M}_{(v_1, v_2)}^{HN}(v)\) strata with \(\langle v_1, v_2\rangle\leq 1\), when \(\langle v_0, v_0\rangle\geq -2\), or just the union of the closures of \(\mathcal{M}_{(v_1, v_2)}^{HN}(v)\) otherwise. This stratification is used Theorem 1.3 to classify the irreducible components of Brill-Noether loci of Hilbert schemes of points. If \(H\) is the generator of \(\mathrm{Pic}(X)\) and \(nH\) is an effective divisor on \(X\), let \(\mathrm{Hilb}^N(X)\) be the Hilbert scheme of length \(N\) finite subschemes of \(X\) and denote by \(W_N^0(nH)\) those subschemes with \(h^1(\mathcal{I}_Z(nH))\geq 1\). It is shown that, depending on the value of the Mukai vector \(v\) and sum-decompositions into Harder-Narasimhan types \(v_1\) and \(v_2\), there exist different irreducible components of \(W_N^0(nH)\) whose general member \(Z\) appears in the extension \[ 0\rightarrow \mathcal{O}_X\rightarrow E\rightarrow \mathcal{I}_Z(nH)\rightarrow 0 \] where \(E\) belongs to certain strata of the stratification coming from Theorem 1.1. Theorem 1.3 is proven case by case in section 4.