Dilation properties of measurable Schur multipliers and Fourier multipliers (Q2160364)

A famous theorem of Akcoglu asserts that positive contractions on classical \(L^p\)spaces, \(1<p<\infty\), admit an isometric dilation, as follows: for any measure space \((\Sigma ,\mu)\) for \(1<p<\infty\) and for any positive contraction \(T : L^p(\Sigma )\to L^p(\Sigma )\), there exist a measure space \((\Sigma ^{\prime},\mu^{\prime})\), two contractions \(J: L^p(\Sigma )\to L^p(\Sigma ^{\prime})\) and \(Q: L^p(\Sigma ^{\prime})\to L^p(\Sigma )\) and an invertible isometry \(U: L^p(\Sigma ^{\prime})\to L^p(\Sigma ^{\prime})\) such that \(T^k=QU^k J\) for all integer \(k\geq 0\). A natural question is to extend such a dilation property on non-commutative \(L^p\) spaces associated with a semi-finite von Neumann algebra. Let \((\mathcal N,\tau)\) be a tracial von Neumann algebra, that is, \(\mathcal N\) is a von Neumann algebra on a complex Hilbert space \(H\) with a faithful normal semi-finite trace \(\tau\). We say that an operator \(T: (\mathcal N,\tau)\to (\mathcal N,\tau)\) is absolutely dilatable if there exist a tracial von Neumann algebra \(\mathcal N^{\prime},\tau^{\prime})\), a trace preserving one-to-one \(*\)-homomorphism \(J: (\mathcal N,\tau)\to (\mathcal N^{\prime},\tau^{\prime})\) and a trace preserving \(*\)-automorphism \(U:(\mathcal N^{\prime}\to (\mathcal N^{\prime},\tau^{\prime})\) such that \(T^k= J_1^* U^k J\) for all integers \(k\geq 0\), where \(J_1: L^1(\mathcal N,\tau)\to L^1(\mathcal N^{\prime},\tau^{\prime})\) is the operator induced by \(J\). In the paper under review, the author found new dilatation results on non-commutative \(L^p\) spaces. Let \(\Sigma\) be a \(\sigma\)-finite measure space with respect to a measure denoted by \(dt\). Let \(S^2(L^2(\Sigma))\) be the space of all Hilbert-Schmidt operators on \(L^2(\Sigma)\). We recall that for any \(f\in L^2(\Sigma^2)\), we may define a bounded operator \[ S_f: L^2(\Sigma)\to L^2(\Sigma), \ \ S_f(h)=\int_{\Sigma}f(\cdot,t)dt. \] Note that \(S_f\) is a Hilbert-Schmidt operator, and that the mapping \(f\to S_f\) is a unitary from \(L^2(\Sigma^2)\) onto \(S^2(L^2(\Sigma))\). For any \(\varphi\in L^{\infty}(\Sigma^2)\), we denote by \(M_{\varphi}: S^2(L^2(\Sigma))\to S^2(L^2(\Sigma)) \) the operator defined by \[M_{\varphi}(S_f)=S_{\varphi f},\ \ \ f\in L^2(\Sigma^2).\] If there exists \(C>0\) such that \[ \|M_{\varphi}(S)\|_{B(L^2(\Sigma))}\leq C\|S\|_{B(L^2(\Sigma))},\ \ S\in S^2(L^2(\Sigma))),\] then \(M_{\varphi}\) is said to be a measurable Schur multiplier on \(B(L^2(\Sigma))\). The first main result is the following. Theorem A. Let \(\Sigma \) be a \(\sigma\)-finite measure space. Let\(\varphi\in L^{\infty}(\Sigma^2)\) and assume that \(M_{\varphi}\) is a self-adjoint, unital, positive Schur multiplier on \(B(L^2(\Sigma))\). Then \(M_{\varphi}\) absolutely dilatable. On the other hand, let \(G \) be a unimodular locally compact group and \(VN(G)\) the the group von Neumann algebra of \(G\) generated by \(\{\lambda(s):s\in G\}\), where \((\lambda(s)f)(t)=f(s^{-1}t)\), \(\forall f\in L^2(G)\). We say that a \(w^*\)-continuous operator \(T: VN(G)\to VN(G)\) is a Fourier multiplier, if there exists a bounded continuous function \(u:G\to\mathbb C\) such that for all \(s\in G\), \(T(\lambda(s))=u(s)\lambda(s)\). We write \(T=T_u\). The second main result is the following. Theorem B. Let \(T_u:VN(G)\to VN(G)\) be a self-adjoint, unital, completely positive Fourier multiplier. Then \(T_u\) is absolutely dilatable. Furthermore, multivariable versions of Theorems A and B are also obtained.