Weyl's law for the eigenvalues of the Neumann-Poincaré operators in three dimensions: Willmore energy and surface geometry (Q2161309)

Let \(\Omega\) be a \(C^{2,\alpha}\) bounded region in \(\mathbb R^3\) with \(\alpha>0\) and we note by \(\partial \Omega\) its boundary. The Neumann-Poincaré operator is an \(L_2(\partial \Omega)\)-valued operator on \(L_2(\partial\Omega)\) and defined as \(\mathcal{K}_{\partial\Omega}[\psi](x)=\frac{1}{4\pi}\int_{\partial\Omega}\frac{\langle y-x,n(y)\rangle}{|x-y|^3}\psi(y)dS_y\) for \(\psi\in L_2(\partial\Omega)\), where \(dS_y\) and \(n(y)\) stand for, successively, the surface element and the outer normal vector on \(\partial\Omega\). Then, the author states that the ordered eigenvalues \(\left(\lambda_j(\mathcal{K}_{\partial\Omega})\right)_{j\ge 0}\) associated to \(\mathcal{K}_{\partial\Omega}\) satisfy \(|\lambda_j(\mathcal{K}_{\partial\Omega})|\sim \left[\frac{3W(\partial\Omega)-2\pi\mathcal{X}(\partial\Omega)}{128j\pi}\right]^{1/2}\) as \(j\) goes to infinity where \(W(\partial\Omega)\) represents the Willmore energy which is the integral over the surface \(\partial\Omega\) of the square mean curvature of \(\partial\Omega\) and \(\mathcal{X}(\partial\Omega)\) is the classical Euler characteristic of \(\partial\Omega\). The proof is essentially based on the following result. Let \(K,\) and \(K^*\) be a compact operator and its adjoint, respectively, such that \(K-K^*\) is in Hilbert-Schmidt class, the eigenvalues of \(K\) are real values, and \(s_j(K)\sim Cj^{-1/2}\) as \(j\to\infty\). Then \(|\lambda_j(K)|\sim s_j(K)\sim Cj^{-1/2}\) as \(j\to \infty\) where \(s_j(K)\) is the singular value of \(K\).