Affine representability and decision procedures for commutativity theorems for rings and algebras (Q2164418)

Let us start from a brief description. The authors consider applications of a finitary version of the affine representability theorem, which follows from recent work [the reviewer et al., ``Representability of relatively free affine algebras over a Noetherian ring'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:1805.04450}; \textit{A. Y. Belov}, Izv. Math. 74, No. 1, 1--126 (2010; Zbl 1208.16022); translation from Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Mat. 74, No. 1, 3--134 (2010)]. Using this result the authors show that given a finite set of polynomial identities, there is an algorithm that terminates after a finite number of steps which decides whether these identities force a ring to be commutative. Then the authors revisit old commutativity theorems of Jacobson and Herstein in light of this algorithm and obtain general results in this vein. They also completely characterize the homogeneous multilinear identities that imply the commutativity of a ring. Now let me say why I am happy with the paper and why the proofs are really important for the algebraic community and what is the core of the proofs. Specht-type problems deal somehow about how semisimple parts interact with each other via the radical [the reviewer et al., Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 364, No. 10, 5525--5569 (2012; Zbl 1286.16019); Commun. Algebra 39, No. 12, 4536--4551 (2011; Zbl 1254.16016); \textit{A. Ya. Vajs} and \textit{E. I. Zel'manov}, Sov. Math. 33, No. 6, 38--47 (1990; Zbl 0695.17014); translation from Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved., Mat. 1989, No. 6(325), 42--51 (1989); \textit{A. V. Il'tyakov}, Sib. Math. J. 32, No. 6, (1991; Zbl 0777.17028); translation from Sib. Mat. Zh. 32, No. 6(190), 61--76 (1991); \textit{A. V. Il'tyakov}, Nova J. Algebra Geom. 1, No. 3, 207--259 (1992; Zbl 0892.17007)]and they are related with similar structures which are not understood so far. The paper under review starts with this subject for algebras over a ring. The easiest brick is \(2\times 2\) upper triangular matrices, connecting two one-dimensional simple components. Another example is the semidirect product of two matrix algebras or algebras of type \[ \left( \begin{array}{cc} x & y \\ 0 & x^p \\ \end{array} \right). \] These elementary bricks in most cases correspond to (bi)modules. For alternative and Jordan (super)case there are some classifications according Zelmanov and Shestakov. (see for example: [\textit{S. V. Pchelintsev} et al., J. Algebra 572, 111--128 (2021; Zbl 1475.17052); \textit{C. Martínez} et al., Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 362, No. 4, 2037--2051 (2010; Zbl 1195.17024)]). (Non)commutativity theorems deal with such elementary bricks in the case of algebras over not only fields but over associative commutative rings and the classification of them for the nearly commutative case is provided (see page 129).