A singular Sturm-Liouville problem with limit circle endpoint and boundary conditions rationally dependent on the eigenparameter (Q2167820)

In this paper, the authors consider the discontinuous singular Sturm-Liouville problem \(L\) with eigenparameter rationally dependent the boundary conditions consisting of the equation \[ \ell y:=-y''(x)+q(x)y(x)=\lambda y(x), \quad x\in (0,\zeta)\cup (\zeta , 1],\tag{\(\ast\)} \] with the boundary conditions at the endpoints \(0\) and \(1\) as \[ \begin{gathered} \alpha_{1}[y,u](0)-\alpha_{2}[y,v](0)=\lambda( \beta_{1}[y,u](0)-\beta_{2}[y,v](0)), \\ \frac{y'(1)}{y(1)}=f(\lambda); \end{gathered} \] and the following transmission conditions at \(x=\zeta\), \begin{align*} y(\zeta +0)-\delta_{1}y(\zeta -0)-\delta_{2}y'(\zeta -0)&=0, \\ y'(\zeta +0)-\delta_{3}y(\zeta -0)-\delta_{4}y'(\zeta -0)&=0, \end{align*} where \(0\) is a limit circle point, \(u=u_{1}(x)\) and \(v= v_{1}(x)\) are linearly independent realvalued solutions of equation \(-y''(x)+q(x)y(x)=0\) on \( (0,\zeta)\), \( u=u_{2}(x)\) and \(v=v_{2}(x)\) are linearly independent real-valued solutions of equation \(-y''(x)+q(x)y(x)=0\) on \((\zeta , 1]\) and satisfy \([u_1 , v_1 ](0) \neq 0\), \([u, v] = (u\overline{v'} - u'\overline{v})\) is the sesquilinear form; \(\beta_{1}\alpha_{2}-\beta_{2}\alpha_{1}>0\), \(\delta_{1}\delta_{4}-\delta_{2}\delta_{3}>0\), \(\lambda \in\mathbb{C}\) is a spectral parameter; \(q(x)\) is a real valued continuous function on \((0,\zeta)\cup (\zeta , 1]\) with finite limits \(q(\zeta \pm 0) = \lim_{x\rightarrow (\zeta \pm 0)} q(x)\); \(\alpha_{i},\beta_{i},\delta_{i}\) are non-zero real numbers; \(f(\lambda)\) is a rational function of the form \[ f(\lambda)=a\lambda + b - \sum^{N}_{i=1}\frac{b_{i}}{\lambda - c_{i}} \] where all the coefficients are real and \(a\geq 0\), \(b_{i}> 0\), \(c_{i}\leq c_{i+1}\) and \(N\) is finite and it is allowed to be \(0\). First, using the method of the classical analysis and operator theory, the authors define a self-adjoint operator \(A\) in a new Hilbert space \(H\) such that the eigenvalues of such a problem are coincided with those of operator \(A\), and then the singular problem \(L\) is transformed to the operator problem. They obtain that the eigenvalues of the problem \(L\) are real. Than, they rebuild the fundamental solutions of the singular discontinuous problem \(L\) and investigate the properties of eigenvalues. They prove that the eigenvalues of \(L\) are algebraically single. Finally, it is shown that the eigenfunctions of the singular Sturm-Liouville problem \(L\), expanded to become eigenfunctions of \(A\), are complete in \(H\).