Variational Bihamiltonian cohomologies and integrable hierarchies. II: Virasoro symmetries (Q2172817)

It has been known for some time that there exists a remarkable connection between two-dimensional topological quantum field theories and the theories of integrable systems. Such a connection was proposed by \textit{E. Witten} [in: Surveys in differential geometry. Vol. I: Proceedings of the conference on geometry and topology, held at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA, April 27-29, 1990. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society; Bethlehem, PA: Lehigh University. 243--310 (1991; Zbl 0757.53049)] and proven by \textit{M. Kontsevich} [Commun. Math. Phys. 147, No. 1, 1--23 (1992; Zbl 0756.35081)] in the 1990s for the two-dimensional quantum gravity, by explicitly relating the generating function of the two-dimensional quantum gravity theory to the tau-function of a solution of the KdV hierarchy, where the genus expansion corresponds to the powers of a small dispersion parameter \(\epsilon\) of the KdV hierarchy. In 2021 the authors [``Variational Bihamiltonian Cohomologies and Integrable Hierarchies I: Foundations'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2106.13038}] formulated a set of axioms in order to classify the integrable hierarchies of certain type (namely, those that possess the so-called \textit{hydrodynamic} limit), a classification program which was initiated by \textit{B. Dubrovin} [Prog. Math. 115, 313--359 (1993; Zbl 0824.58029)] in 1992 when investigating topological conformal field theories and the related WDVV (Witten-Dijkgraaf-Verlinde-Verlinde) equations. In particular, under the assumptions of existence of a bihamiltonian structure (which, according to Magri's theorem, results in an infinite set of commuting Hamiltonians provided a certain compatibility condition of the Hamiltonian structures), and existence of the tau-functions (introduced by \textit{M. Sato} [Soliton equations and the universal Grassmann manifold (1984; Zbl 0541.58001)] to investigate the integrability of the KP hierarchy), it was shown that dispersionless limit \(\epsilon \to 0\) is described by a Frobenius manifold -- a complex analytic manifold introduced in \textit{B. Dubrovin}'s remarkable 1992 paper [loc. cit.], which is equipped with a family of Frobenius algebra structures on the tangent bundle, and which was shown to correspond to the two dimensional topological field theory of genus zero, i.e., at tree level approximation. The opposite was also shown to be true, i.e., the dispersionless limit (the \textit{principal hierarchy}) can be reconstructed given a Frobenius manifold, and in fact the full KdV hierarchy can be reconstructed by considering semisimple Frobenius manifolds (also introduced by \textit{B. Dubrovin} in [loc. cit.]). One of the other formulated axioms was the assumption of linearity of the action of the generators of the Virasoro symmetries, associated to the principal and the full KdV hierarchies, on tau-functions, and was introduced to guarantee the uniqueness of the reconstruction procedure, allowing in particular, to fix the terms in the expansions of the tau-function. In order to classify the dispersionful deformations of the principal hierarchy, the authors introduced the so-called \textit{bihamiltonian cohomologies} for a bihamiltonian structure of hydrodynamic type, reducing the classification problem to calculation of cohomology groups. The present work is the second part in the series of papers by the authors. In the first part, the authors introduced a generalization of the bihamiltonian cohomology (which they called the \textit{variational bihamiltonian cohomology}), in order to investigate the deformation of the principal hierarchy of a semisimple Frobenius manifold, associated to a deformed bihamiltonian structure with constant central invariants. Two conjectures were formulated: (1) The Virasoro symmetries can be deformed to the actions on the tau function of the deformed integrable hierarchy; (2) These actions are linear in the special case when all central invariants are equal to 1/24. The main result of this paper is the proof of the first conjecture (the second conjecture was proven by the authors in [``Linearization of Virasoro symmetries associated with semisimple Frobenius manifolds'', Preprint, \url{arXiv:2109.01846}]). Namely, the authors prove the existence and uniqueness of an infinite set of Virasoro symmetries associated with the bihamiltonian deformation of the principal hierarchy corresponding to a semisimple Frobenius manifold. The explicit form of the action of the Virasoro symmetries on the tau-function is also given. To this end, it is necessary to construct the super extension of the principal hierarchy of a Frobenius manifold and the associated super tau-cover of the principal hierarchy so that the bihamiltonian structures of the principal hierarchy are represented by the odd flows. Despite the many technical details and concepts introduced by the authors in a series of their previous works, the authors provided a full overview of the necessary computational details of these constructions, which are supplied with numerous useful examples and references.