On a singular Sylvester equation with unbounded self-adjoint \(A\) and \(B\) (Q2181146)

The author investigates the Sylvester equation \(AX-XB=C\), where \(A\) and \(B\) are closed densely defined self-adjoint operators, and \(C\) is a linear operator. More specifically, the author considers separable Hilbert spaces \(H\) and \(K\) and that \(A\in \mathcal{C}(K)\) and \(B\in\mathcal{C}(H)\) are closed densely defined self-adjoint operators, while \(C\in\mathcal{L}(\mathcal{D}_{C}, K)\) is an arbitary densely defined linear operator and assumes that \(\mathcal{D}_{B}\subset\mathcal{D}_{C}\subset H\). The main results of the article are classified into two classes, when \(\sigma=\sigma_{p}(A)\cap \sigma_{p}(B)\) and when \(\sigma=\sigma_{\mathrm{app}}(A)\cap \sigma_{\mathrm{app}}(B)\) in Theorems 2.1 and 2.3, respectively, which extend previous results as noted by the author. The work closes with a very interesting application in quantum mechanics, concerning the position-momentum operator equation \(PQ-QP=\frac{h}{2\pi i}I\), where \(h\) is Planck's constant and \(I\) is the identity operator, rewriting as a singular Sylvester equation, and then \(Q\) is a solution to the corresponding equation \(PX-XP=\frac{h}{2\pi i}I\).