On the arithmetic of a family of twisted constant elliptic curves (Q2181511)

Let \(p\) be a prime number different trace 2, 3 and \(q\), \(r\) powers of \(p\). Consider the elliptic curve \[E= E_{q,r}: y^2= x^3+ t^q- t\] over the radical function field \(K= \mathbb{F}_r(t)\). It is a twisted constant curve: over field \(K(u)\), where \[C_{6,q}: u^6= t^9-t,\] it becomes isomorphic with \[E_0: y^2= x^3+ 1.\] Let \(\mathcal{W}\) (resp. \(\mathcal{E}\)) be the Weierstrass (resp., Néron) model of \(E\) over \(\mathbb{P}^2/\mathbb{F}_r\). Then \(\mathcal{W}\) is a smooth surface if \(q\equiv 5(6)\) and has one singular point if \(q\equiv 1(6)\). Now \(\mathcal{E}=\mathcal{W}\) in the former and the minimal desingularization of \(\mathcal{W}\) in the latter case. The authors use these facts, together with the reduction types of \(\mathcal{E}\) at the places of bad reduction (these are \(\infty\) and the divisors of \(t^q-t\)) to relate the cohomology of \(\mathcal{E}\) with those of \(C_{6,q}\) and \(E_0\). Here ``cohomology'' means any rational Weil cohomology theory with coefficients in a algebraically closed field, e.g., \(\ell\)-adic cohomology. There result \begin{itemize} \item several distinct descriptions through trigonometric sums of the \(L\)-series \(L(E,s)\) as an exponential polynomial in \(r^{-s}\) (Theorems 4.1, 7.2, 7.4); \item the validity of the Birch-Swinnerton-Dyer conjectures for \(E/K\) (in the strong form including the identity of the leading term \(L^*(E/K)\) at the critical point \(s=1\) with its prescribed description as a product of arithmetic invariants), see Theorem 8.2; \item various properties of the rank of \(E(K)\), the torsion subgroup \(E(K)_{\text{tors}}\), the regulator \(\text{Reg}(E)\), the Tate-Shafarevich group \(\Sha(E)\), etc. \end{itemize} The behaviour depends strongly on the cases \(p\equiv 1(6)\) or \(p\equiv 5(6)\). While, e.g., \(E(K)_{\text{tors}}= 0\) in both cases, \(\text{Rank}\,E(K)\), \(\text{Reg}(E)\), \(\Sha(E)[p]\) and \(\dim \Sha(E)\) are trivial for \(p\equiv 1(6)\), all these invariants are (possibly) non-trivial for \(p\equiv 5(6)\). (There is a table in the introduction that summarizes these results.) The paper concludes with a study of the so-called Brauer-Siegel ratio \(\text{BS}(E)\) of \(E\) and of the quantity \[ \lim_{q\to\infty}\log L^*(E_{q,r})/q \] for fixed \(r\) and \(q\to\infty\) (Theorem 11.1 and 11.2).